Proponents ( especially of majoritarianism ) deny these accusations, and argue that any faults in Athenian democracy were because the franchise was quite limited ( only male citizens could vote — women, slaves and non-citizens were excluded ).

Proponents of the adversarial system often argue that the system is more fair and less prone to abuse than the inquisitional approach, because it allows less room for the state to be biased against the defendant.

Proponents of Raw foodism argue that cooking food increases the risk of some of the detrimental effects on food or health.

Proponents of this idea argue either that such diversity is valuable in itself, to preserve human historical heritage and knowledge, or instrumentally valuable because it makes available more ways of solving problems and responding to catastrophes, natural or otherwise.

Proponents argue that the First Cause is exempt from having a cause, while opponents argue that this is special pleading or otherwise untrue.

Proponents of the CVBG argue that it provides unmatched firepower and force projection capabilities.

Proponents argue that the inter-rater reliability of DSM diagnoses ( via a specialized Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ) rather than usual psychiatric assessment ) is reasonable, and that there is good evidence of distinct patterns of mental, behavioral or neurological dysfunction to which the DSM disorders correspond well.

Proponents argue that the deep and lasting truths of the dharma become implicitly present to those who practice mindfulness, truths that lead practitioners to experience changes that astonish and humble all involved.

Proponents of the French bow argue that it is more maneuverable, due to the angle at which the player holds the bow.

Proponents argue that the competition spurred by vouchers and education tax credits increases the quality and efficiencies of both eligible private schools and local public schools, as they both must perpetually improve in order to maintain enrollment caused by the competitive nature of dollar voting and the swift accountability that results from increasing consumer sovereignty-allowing individuals to control what product or service they prefer to buy as opposed to a bureaucracy.

Proponents argue that it provides compact and intuitive descriptions in many areas including classical and quantum mechanics, electromagnetic theory and relativity.

Proponents of this idea, also known as the barefoot horse movement, argue that with proper care, horses may never need shoes at any time once they have been properly transitioned.

Proponents argue that a basic income that is based on a broad tax base, would be more economically efficient, as the minimum wage effectively imposes a high marginal tax on employers, causing losses in efficiency.

Proponents of this view ( such as Susan Blackmore and Daniel Dennett ) argue that considering cultural developments from a meme's-eye view — as if memes themselves respond to pressure to maximise their own replication and survival — can lead to useful insights and yield valuable predictions into how culture develops over time.

Proponents of a companionship with Jesus argue that it would have been unthinkable for an unmarried, adult male Jew to travel about teaching as a rabbi.

Proponents of Social Darwinism argue that the theory justifies social inequality as being meritocratic.

Proponents of gedoogbeleid argue that such a policy practices more consistency in legal protection than without it.

Proponents argue that it is true either because reflection upon human psychology reveals as much or that it is empirically supported.

Proponents of election thresholds argue that they discourage fragmentation, disproportionate power, or extremist parties.

Proponents of preterism sometimes argue that this position was the original eschatological understanding of the Early Christian church, a claim contested by historicists and futurists.

Proponents of funding for parochial schools argue that such an exclusion would violate the free exercise clause.

Proponents of structuralism would argue that a specific domain of culture may be understood by means of a structure — modelled on language — that is distinct both from the organizations of reality and those of ideas or the imagination — the " third order ".

Proponents argue that since property can not feel terror, damage to property is more accurately described as sabotage.

Proponents of these amendments, both of which passed with greater than 60 % voter approval, are accusing Scott's administration of attempting to " thwart the will of the voters ", by " abusing their power ", and the VRA's preclearance clause, as a means to defeat these amendments despite overwhelming voter support.

Proponents had hoped that, by avoiding invoking creation by a specific supernatural entity, ( such as that employed by creation science ), intelligent design would be considered scientific and not violate the establishment clause of the US constitution.

Proponents of that interpretation acknowledge that, " The natural response to this approach is to say that ... any equality-based reading of the clause is redundant because the Equal Protection Clause provides the necessary ground and more.

Proponents of single elements tend to ensure predominance of that element without determining if it is justified, and the element with the most enthusiastic and vociferous proponents has assumed the greatest importance.

Proponents prefer " America the Beautiful " for various reasons, saying it is easier to sing, more melodic, and more adaptable to new orchestrations while still remaining as easily recognizable as " The Star-Spangled Banner.

Proponents of this position believe that the presence of believers during the tribulation is necessary for a final evangelistic effort during a time when external conditions will combine with the Gospel message to bring great numbers of converts into the Church in time for the beginning of the Millennium.

Proponents of the use of German bow claim that the German bow is easier to use for heavy strokes that require a lot of power.

Proponents of moral science like Ronald A. Lindsay have counter-argued that their way of understanding " morality " as a practical enterprise is the way we ought to have understood it in the first place.

Proponents of a voucher system are encouraged by private school sector growth as it is their view that private schools are typically more efficient at achieving results at a much lower per pupil cost when compared to public schools.

Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful, Proponents of anarchism, known as " anarchists ", advocate stateless societies based on non-hierarchical voluntary associations.

Proponents include Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, an Irish philosopher who advanced a theory he called immaterialism, later referred to as " subjective idealism ", contending that individuals can only know sensations and ideas of objects directly, not abstractions such as " matter ", and that ideas also depend upon being perceived for their very existence-esse est percipi ; " to be is to be perceived ".

Proponents of the Post Modern style attacked the Modernism with clever statements such as " less is a bore " and with captivating images such as Crown Hall sinking in Lake Michigan.

Proponents of the view that differences in IQ test scores between blacks and whites are ( primarily or largely ) genetically determined state that criticism of these views is based on political correctness.

Proponents of unpasteurized milk make the argument that if milk is obtained from humanely raised cows that are grass fed and handled hygienically, then there is little problem with disease.

Proponents of non-pasteurized raw milk credit it with having more beneficial bacteria and enzymes than its processed counterpart ; however, raw milk is far more likely to contain harmful microbial contaminants, and pasteurization is the only effective way of killing most pathogenic bacteria ..

Proponents respond that these consumer opt outs reflect a product whose absolute harm outweighs its absolute value ; products that do more harm than good ought not be produced.

Proponents for popular election noted that ten states already had non-binding primaries for Senate candidates, in which the candidates would be voted on by the public, effectively serving as advisory referenda instructing state legislatures how to vote ; reformers campaigned for more states to introduce a similar method.

Proponents of the measure argued that French workforce laws, which put the burden of proof on the employer for dismissing employees, dissuaded employers from hiring new employees ; according to them, this is one reason while the unemployment rate of those under 26 is 23 % and that of youngsters from some lower classes neighbourhoods as high as 40 %, and not the refusal of exploitation to enrich the wealthy class.

Proponents of such methods rely on the well-understood nature of domains to give meaning to the system ; critics point out that not every system may be intuitively or naturally viewed as a function.

Proponents of such methods point to the simplicity of their models as a means to expressive clarity ; critics counter that the problem of semantics has just been delayed ( who defines the semantics of the simpler model?

Proponents note the connection to classical logic ; critics note that such semantics never really describe what a system does ( merely what is true before and afterwards ).

Proponents of the Melting Pot policy asserted that it applied to all newcomers to Israel equally ; specifically, that Eastern European Jews were pressured to discard their Yiddish-based culture as ruthlessly as Mizrahi Jews were pressured to give up the culture which they developed during centuries of life in Arab and Muslim countries.

Proponents hold that concept begins with the premise that when an unmarried woman becomes pregnant, she has the option of abortion, adoption, or parenthood ; and argues, in the context of legally recognized gender equality, that in the earliest stages of pregnancy the putative ( alleged ) father should have the same human rights to relinquish all future parental rights and financial responsibility — leaving the informed mother with the same three options.

Proponents of such a move, namely the Pan-Green Coalition, argue that the current Constitution endorses a specific ideology ( i. e., the Three Principles of the People ), which is only appropriate for Communist states ; in addition, they argue that a more " efficient " government is needed to cope with changing realities.

) Proponents for vote pairing respond that vote pairing doesn't involve any pecuniary or monetary exchange ; rather, simply informal, nonbinding agreements between people to vote strategically.

; Proponents

; Proponents ( further )

Proponents of the Temporal Single System Interpretation ( TSSI ) of Marx's value theory claim that the supposed inconsistencies are actually the result of misinterpretation ; they argue that when Marx's theory is understood as " temporal " and " single-system ," the alleged internal inconsistencies disappear.

Proponents of the topic make their case in interviews ; however, they often end up appearing fallacious or self-contradicting.

; Proponents of 9 / 11 conspiracy theories

Proponents state that the evidence related to kinesthetic learners benefiting from specialized instruction ( or targeted materials ) appears mixed at best ; the diagnosis of kinaesthetic and tactile learning is coupled ( rather than isolated ), and teachers are likely to misdiagnose students ' learning styles.

Proponents of the effort, dubbed Amendment A, claimed it merely " clarified " existing constitutional language ; opponents claimed it was part of an attempt to strip the Board of Directors of some of its powers.

Proponents of the tollway argue that congestion in Lake County has already reached economically damaging levels, and the existing network of roads in the county is insufficient for the task ; and that future projections call for housing and commerce development to reach the McHenry and Lake County areas regardless of the presence of a new highway.

Proponents of this theory fail to identify a specific member of the family after whom the settlement would have been named ; for instance, according to Sarris, the placename is derived " from a Byzantine family name by some Kamateros ".

Proponents claim these traits were inherited from their fathers ; Adam was to rule over the animals and the serpent was intended to tend the Garden of Eden.

Proponents of the term " Arab Jews " argue that " Arab " is a linguistic and cultural rather than an ethnic, racial or religious term ; that the Jews in Arab countries fully participated in that culture ; and that all ethnic minorities who did so are " Arabs ".