Proponents of this idea argue either that such diversity is valuable in itself, to preserve human historical heritage and knowledge, or instrumentally valuable because it makes available more ways of solving problems and responding to catastrophes, natural or otherwise.

Proponents of this view sometimes point to examples of life's actions in the past that have resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

Proponents of this view sometimes point to examples of life's actions in the past that have resulted in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion of the Earth's atmosphere from a reducing environment to an oxygen-rich one.

Proponents include Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, an Irish philosopher who advanced a theory he called immaterialism, later referred to as " subjective idealism ", contending that individuals can only know sensations and ideas of objects directly, not abstractions such as " matter ", and that ideas also depend upon being perceived for their very existence-esse est percipi ; " to be is to be perceived ".

Proponents of the Post Modern style attacked the Modernism with clever statements such as " less is a bore " and with captivating images such as Crown Hall sinking in Lake Michigan.

Proponents of this view ( such as Susan Blackmore and Daniel Dennett ) argue that considering cultural developments from a meme's-eye view — as if memes themselves respond to pressure to maximise their own replication and survival — can lead to useful insights and yield valuable predictions into how culture develops over time.

Proponents of gedoogbeleid argue that such a policy practices more consistency in legal protection than without it.

Proponents of this hypothesis have buttressed their case with linguistic, literary and archaeological interpretations, though such views have been called " archaeologically unsupportable ".

Proponents of this view, such as the author and neuroscientist Sam Harris, see morality as a budding science.

Proponents of funding for parochial schools argue that such an exclusion would violate the free exercise clause.

Proponents of several of the theories below have gone further to assert that there are yet other issues necessary to the analysis, such as interpersonal power struggles, community interactions, personal biases and other factors involved in deciding what is seen as truth.

Proponents of the intelligent design movement such as Cornelius G. Hunter, have asserted that the methodological naturalism upon which science is based is religious in nature.

Proponents attempt to associate this Christology with early church figures such as Justin Martyr, Lucian of Antioch, Eusebius of Caesarea, Arius, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Asterius the Sophist, Eunomius, and Ulfilas, as well as Felix, Bishop of Urgell.

Proponents of a legal market for organs say that the black-market nature of the current trade allows such tragedies and that regulation of the market could prevent them.

Proponents of Globalization, often referred to as advocates of Free Trade, embrace the economic philosophy of Neoliberalism articulated by economists working in the Neoclassical tradition, such as Milton Friedman.

Proponents of primordialist accounts of ethnic conflict argue that “ thnic groups and nationalities exist because there are traditions of belief and action towards primordial objects such as biological features and especially territorial location ”.

Proponents of pre-Columbian connections between Eurasia and the Americas have suggested even more distant locations such as modern-day Peru or Brazil.

Proponents of civil unions say that they provide practical equality for same-sex couples and solve the problems over areas such as hospital visitation rights and transfer of property caused by lack of legal recognition.

Proponents of Bilderberg conspiracy theories in the United States include individuals and groups such as the John Birch Society, political activist Phyllis Schlafly, writer Jim Tucker, political activist Lyndon LaRouche, radio host Alex Jones, and politician Jesse Ventura, who made the Bilderberg group a topic of a 2009 episode of his TruTV series Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura.

Proponents such as Maria Chattha argue that states will cooperate irrespective of relative gains, and are thus concerned with absolute gains.

Proponents such as Andrew Linklater, Robert W. Cox and Ken Booth focus on the need for human emancipation from States.

Proponents of the measure contend that only dangerous cults have been listed as such, and state secularism ensures religious freedom in France.

Proponents of this theory, such as Eric Hobsbawm, argue that ethnicity and notions of ethnic pride, such as nationalism, are purely modern inventions, appearing only in the modern period of world history.

Proponents for this move cited Gross National Happiness as a reason to improve living standards through relocation.

Proponents of the move predicted that when the rest of the nation was settled, Austin would be the population center.

Proponents of this theory of Papiamento contend that it can easily be compared and linked with other Portuguese creoles, especially the African ones ( namely Forro, Guinea-Bissau Creole, and the Cape Verdean Creole ).

Proponents of Pauline authorship argue that he had theological grounds for rejecting the Pastorals, namely their teaching about the goodness of creation ( cf.

Proponents of hemoencephalography maintain that HEG has many advantages over QEEG, namely:

Proponents of the bill such as the Coalition of Muslim Women and Women's Legal Centre Trust believe it would protect the rights of Muslim women as decisions made by legal scholars are not legally binding regarding financial settlements following a divorce.

Proponents ( especially of majoritarianism ) deny these accusations, and argue that any faults in Athenian democracy were because the franchise was quite limited ( only male citizens could vote — women, slaves and non-citizens were excluded ).

Proponents of repeal argue that the clause is a bigoted anachronism ; Cardinal Winning, who was leader of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, called the act an " insult " to Catholics.

Proponents of the adversarial system often argue that the system is more fair and less prone to abuse than the inquisitional approach, because it allows less room for the state to be biased against the defendant.

Proponents of Raw foodism argue that cooking food increases the risk of some of the detrimental effects on food or health.

Proponents argue that the First Cause is exempt from having a cause, while opponents argue that this is special pleading or otherwise untrue.

Proponents of the CVBG argue that it provides unmatched firepower and force projection capabilities.

Proponents argue that the inter-rater reliability of DSM diagnoses ( via a specialized Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ) rather than usual psychiatric assessment ) is reasonable, and that there is good evidence of distinct patterns of mental, behavioral or neurological dysfunction to which the DSM disorders correspond well.

Proponents argue that the deep and lasting truths of the dharma become implicitly present to those who practice mindfulness, truths that lead practitioners to experience changes that astonish and humble all involved.

Proponents of the French bow argue that it is more maneuverable, due to the angle at which the player holds the bow.

Proponents argue that the competition spurred by vouchers and education tax credits increases the quality and efficiencies of both eligible private schools and local public schools, as they both must perpetually improve in order to maintain enrollment caused by the competitive nature of dollar voting and the swift accountability that results from increasing consumer sovereignty-allowing individuals to control what product or service they prefer to buy as opposed to a bureaucracy.

Proponents argue that it provides compact and intuitive descriptions in many areas including classical and quantum mechanics, electromagnetic theory and relativity.

Proponents of this idea, also known as the barefoot horse movement, argue that with proper care, horses may never need shoes at any time once they have been properly transitioned.

Proponents argue that a basic income that is based on a broad tax base, would be more economically efficient, as the minimum wage effectively imposes a high marginal tax on employers, causing losses in efficiency.

Proponents of a companionship with Jesus argue that it would have been unthinkable for an unmarried, adult male Jew to travel about teaching as a rabbi.

Proponents of Social Darwinism argue that the theory justifies social inequality as being meritocratic.

Proponents argue that it is true either because reflection upon human psychology reveals as much or that it is empirically supported.

Proponents of election thresholds argue that they discourage fragmentation, disproportionate power, or extremist parties.

Proponents of preterism sometimes argue that this position was the original eschatological understanding of the Early Christian church, a claim contested by historicists and futurists.

Proponents of structuralism would argue that a specific domain of culture may be understood by means of a structure — modelled on language — that is distinct both from the organizations of reality and those of ideas or the imagination — the " third order ".

Proponents argue that since property can not feel terror, damage to property is more accurately described as sabotage.