* 1688 – Frederick William I of Prussia ( d. 1740 )

Frederick William I () ( 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740 ) was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg ( as Frederick William II ) from 1713 until his death.

* 1740 – 1786: Frederick II ( son of, later also King of Prussia )

* Frederick II ( 1740 – 1786 ) ( son of, before King in Prussia )

Prussia and Austria went to war in 1740, with many other European states soon joining in.

* August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia ( d. 1740 )

Next came the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740 in which France supported King Frederick II of Prussia against Maria Theresa of Austria, archduchess of Austria.

* Carl Heinrich Graun ( 1704 – 1759 ) was Kapellmeister starting in 1740 for Frederick II of Prussia ( Frederick the Great )

England abolished torture in about 1640 ( except peine forte et dure, which England only abolished in 1772 ), Scotland in 1708, Prussia in 1740, Denmark around 1770, Russia in 1774, Austria and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1776, Italy

Problems began when King Frederick II of Prussia violated the Pragmatic Sanction and invaded Silesia on 16 December 1740, using the Treaty of Brieg of 1537 under which the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg were to inherit the Duchy of Brieg as a pretext.

Austria was bent on regaining Silesia, which Prussia had grabbed in 1740 and had not returned.

He became a flute teacher, flute maker and composer to Frederick II of Prussia ( Frederick the Great ) in 1740.

At the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession between Frederick II of Prussia ( the Great ) and the Habsburg empress Maria Theresa of Austria, the greatest part of Silesia, including Rybnik, was annexed by Prussia in 1740, which Austria eventually recognized in 1763.

King Frederick II of Prussia conquered most of Silesia from Austria in 1740 during the Silesian Wars ; Prussian control was confirmed in the Peace of Breslau in 1742.

* Frederick William I of Prussia ( 1688 – 1740 ), King of Prussia

* Under the guidance of Voltaire, Frederick the Great of Prussia criticised Machiavelli's conclusions in his " Anti-Machiavel ", published in 1740.

Throughout the reign of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia ( 1688 – 1740 ) the unit was known as the " Potsdamer Riesengarde " (" giant guard of Potsdam ") in German, but the Prussian population quickly nicknamed them the Lange Kerls (" long guys ").

Frederick the Great effectively abolished torture in Prussia in 1740 although this was not formalised until 1805.

Despite its proximity to Liège, the territory of Herstal did not become part of the Bishopric of Liège until 1740, date at which the prince-bishop Georges-Louis de Berghes bought it from Frederick II of Prussia.

* 1713 – 1740 Frederick William I, son, King in Prussia

* 1740 – 1786 Frederick II, son, King of Prussia from 1772

According to philosopher Michel Foucault, Frederick the Great, king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, was " obsessed " with automata.

Starting in great force late in December, from a line stretching from East Prussia to Budapest, the Red armies had swept two hundred miles across Poland to the Oder, thirty miles from Berlin, and the Upper Danube region was being rapidly overrun, while the Western Allies had not yet occupied all of the left bank of the Rhine.

Historically, the coast around Königsberg in Prussia was the world's leading source of amber.

Albert of Prussia (; ) ( 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 ) was the 37th and last sovereign Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

The Grand Master then journeyed to Wittenberg, where he was advised by Martin Luther to abandon the rules of his Order, to marry, and to convert Prussia into a hereditary duchy for himself.

After some delay Sigismund assented to the offer, with the provision that Prussia should be treated as a Polish fiefdom ; and after this arrangement had been confirmed by a treaty concluded at Kraków, Albert pledged a personal oath to Sigismund I and was invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs on 10 February 1525.

Summoned before the imperial court of justice, Albert refused to appear and was proscribed, while the Order elected a new Grand Master, Walter von Cronberg, who received Prussia as a fief at the imperial Diet of Augsburg.

St. Vojtěch was later made the patron saint of Bohemia, Poland, Hungary and Prussia.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Albert Frederick (, ; 7 May 1553 Königsberg – 28 August 1618 Fischhausen ) was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death.

He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Albert became Duke of Prussia after paying feudal homage to the King of Poland, Zygmunt August ( Ducal Prussia was a fief of Poland ), on July 19, 1569 in Lublin.

As the great grandson of the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon, and as a Duke in Prussia who was fluent in Polish, Albert Frederick was seriously considered for a time as a possible candidate for the Polish throne.

In 1792 Ansbach was annexed by the Hohenzollerns of Prussia.

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 – 1918 ), the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ), the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ).

With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king ( in Königsberg ), Berlin became the new capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( instead of Königsberg ); this was a successful attempt to centralize the capital in the very outspread Prussian Kingdom, and it was the first time the city began to grow.

Bulgaria, often dubbed " Prussia of the Balkans ", was militarily the most powerful of the four states, with a large, well-trained and well-equipped army.

In short, Frederick William I concerned himself with every aspect of his relatively small country, planning to satisfy all that was needed for Prussia to defend itself.

Former German territories east of the Oder and Neisse rivers, mainly the Prussian provinces of Pomerania, East Prussia, West Prussia, Upper Silesia, Lower Silesia, the eastern Neumark of Brandenburg, and a small piece of Saxony were thus detached from Germany.

Prussia tried to remain neutral while imposing tight controls on dissent, but with German nationalism sharply on the rise, the small nation blundered by going to war with Napoleon in 1806.

The Duchy of Warsaw, a small, semi-independent Polish state, was created in 1807 by Napoleon Bonaparte, following his defeat of Prussia.

After the Congress of Vienna, Prussia was awarded with the entire Rhineland, which included the Grand Duchy of Berg, the ecclesiastic electorates of Trier and Cologne, the free cities of Aachen and Cologne, and nearly a hundred small lordships and abbeys.

Georg Forster was born in the small village of Nassenhuben ( Mokry Dwór ) near Danzig ( Gdańsk ), in the province of Royal Prussia, in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

The sociological breakdown of the competition was, roughly, one side engaged mostly in commerce, trade and industry, and the other side associated with landowning aristocracy or military aristocracy ( the Junker ) in Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy in Austria, and the conservative notables of the small princely states and city-states in Germany.

Today it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin, but it was the original nucleus of the former realms of Brandenburg and Prussia.

Leo Strauss was born in the small town of Kirchhain in Hessen-Nassau, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia ( part of the German Empire ), on September 20, 1899, to Hugo Strauss and Jennie Strauss, née David.

After World War I, the southern half of Sankt Wendel had to be ceded to the newly-created Saarland territory, and the small part remaining in Prussia was then officially called the Restkreis Sankt Wendel (" remaining district of Sankt Wendel ").

Prussian administration served to reduce administrative costs for the small state and was based on a ten-year contract that was repeatedly renewed until Waldeck was formally absorbed into Prussia in 1929.

In his German policy Maximilian was guided by the desire to maintain the union of the princes, and hoped to attain this as against the perilous rivalry of Austria and Prussia by the creation of a league of the " middle " and small states-the so-called Trias.

Initially, the union area outside of Prussia was rather small, yet by 1834 it had grown into the Zollverein which encompassed most of what was to become Germany.

Prussia, by its leading role in suppressing the revolution, had demonstrated its indispensability as main player in German politics and its superiority over small and medium states.

Although a small group of Masurians did vote for Poland, the vast majority ( 99. 32 % in Masuria proper ) opted to remain in Prussia.

In a Paper Dedicated to the Governments of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, France, Prussia and the United States of America written in 1841, Owen wrote: " The lowest stage of humanity is experienced when the individual must labor for a small pittance of wages from others.

Kurt Schumacher was born in Kulm in West Prussia ( now Chełmno in Poland ), the son of a small businessman, member of the liberal German Free-minded Party and deputy in the municipal assembly.

Frederick's successor as king, Frederick William I of Prussia, rarely stayed at the palace, which depressed the small town of Charlottenburg.

For most of its history it remained a small village in East Prussia.

The province comprised the small western parts of the former Prussian territories of Posen and West Prussia, that remained with Germany after World War I according to the Treaty of Versailes.

Having suffered over 14, 000 casualties in his own army, losses hard to replace for the small Prussia, Frederick decided not to assault the city walls of Prague.

The plateau had been used by Prince Henry of Prussia in 1759 and was protected on the west by abatis and on the south by a small stream.

The interest of Lutheran priests of Prussian Lithuanian parishes in Lithuanian language was deeper than the interest of their Catholic colleagues in G. D. L., and they managed to print more books for a relatively small Lithuanian population in Prussia, than Catholic editors for all Lithuanian population in G. D. L.