American Q-ships also operated in the Pacific Ocean.

The Q-ships ' cargoes were light wood ( balsa or cork ) or wooden caskets, and even if torpedoed they would remain afloat, encouraging the U-boat to surface and sink them with a deck gun.

There may have been 366 Q-ships, of which 61 were lost.

After the war, it was concluded that Q-ships were greatly overrated, diverting skilled seamen from other duties without sinking enough U-boats to justify the strategy.

Q-ships were responsible for about 10 % of all U-boats sunk, ranking them well below the use of ordinary minefields in effectiveness.

Nine Q-ships were commissioned by the Royal Navy in September and October 1939 for work in the North Atlantic:

The careers of all five ships were almost entirely unsuccessful and very short, with USS Atik sunk on its first patrol ; all Q-ships patrols ended in 1943.

Although Q-ships were warships pretending to be merchant ships, their mission of destroying enemy warships was significantly different to the raider objective of disrupting enemy supplies.

Some other liners were converted to innocent-looking armed Q-ships to entrap submarines.

" Q-ships ," attack vessels disguised as civilian ships, were one early strategy.

Q-ships ( heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks ) were called " Q-ships " as many were fitted out in Queenstown.

However many other techniques were used, including minefields, barrages and Q-ships and the use of cryptanalysis against intercepted radio messages.

Auxiliary cruisers operated in such a fashion in both World Wars, as did Q-ships, while merchant vessels were encouraged to use false flags for protection.

Due to the official secrecy surrounding the activities of the Q-ships, Stuart's and Williams's Victoria Crosses were announced without fanfare or explanation of their actions ; even the Pargust's name was omitted from the citation.

This tactic has occasionally been used in warfare, for example with heavily armed Q-ships disguised as merchant ships.

In war, merchant ships are often armed and used as auxiliary warships, such as the Q-ships of the First World War and the armed merchant cruisers of the Second World War.

Attacks on merchant ships by pirates originating on the Somalia coast have brought suggestions from some security experts that Q-ships be used again to tempt pirates into attacking a well defended ship.

She is given command of four Q-ships as a de facto Commodore and starship captain — four converted merchant ships turned into merchant cruisers, but given impressive missile and energy armaments, an improved inertial compensator system, particle shielding scaled up to go with the increased acceleration abilities, and sidewalls allowing head to head combat with light combat units up to Battlecruiser grade opponents.

Honor in fact, spends her time with the War Development Board and reports out the design concepts for the new classes of warships her experience with LAC carrier Q-ships and missile pods have given her during her recent tour in Silesia ( Honor Among Enemies HH06 ).

By this stage in the war, the German submarine authorities had become aware of the existence of Q-ships and Captain Ernst Rosenow of the UC-29 was taking no risks with his target, remaining at 400 yards ( 366m ) distance watching the staged panicked evacuation of the ship.

This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

In a total of 150 engagements, British Q-ships destroyed 14 U-boats and damaged 60, at a cost of 27 Q-ships lost out of 200.

A surviving example of the Q-ships is HMS Saxifrage, a Flower class sloop of the Anchusa group completed in 1918.

Q-ships feature prominently in David Weber's Honor Harrington series of books.

Harrington destroys a Q-ship in the first novel, On Basilisk Station, and commands a squadron of Q-ships in the sixth novel, Honor Among Enemies.

Harrington's snotty cruise captain, Thomas Bachfisch, commands a pair of privately-owned Q-ships in the tenth in the series, War of Honor.

During World War I, the Royal Navy deployed Q-ships to engage German U-boats.

The American nomenclature comes from the term sleeper agent, while the British term derives from the Q-ships used by the Royal Navy.

Missiles are very valuable weapons, but they also have their too little known limitations.

The aircraft could be used to destroy other mobile, fleeting, and imprecisely located targets as well as the known, fixed and hardened targets which can also be destroyed by missile.

Back at the Kaiser's Fountain, I walked left to the streetcar stop and rode up the hill -- any car will do -- past the Column of Constantine, also known as the Burnt Column, at the top on my right.

We now have not only what has been called over here the comedy of menace but we also have horror jokes, magazines known as Horror Comics, and sick comedians.

We pointed out that emotional excitement may lead to psychosomatic disorders and neurotic symptoms, particularly in certain types of personality, but it is also known that the reliving of a strong emotion ( `` abreaction '' ) may cure a battle neurosis.

The process in which the outcome of any one stage is known only statistically is also of interest, although for chemical reactor design it is not as important as the deterministic process.

The Roman Catholic Church sanctions only abstention or the rhythm method, also known as the use of the infertile or safe period.

She knew also that I was unmarried and without a single known relative.

Alabama is also known as the " Heart of Dixie.

This period had also known Augustine of Hippo, Nonius Marcellus and Martianus Capella among many others.

As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes ( ; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, " light of the sun "), Helius ( ; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally " sun "), Phanaeus ( ; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally " giving or bringing light "), and Lyceus ( ; Λύκειος, Lukeios, from Proto-Greek * λύκη, " light ").

For this he was also known as Parnopius ( ; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, " locust ") and to the Romans as Culicarius ( ; from Latin culicārius, " of midges ").

Afroasiatic ( alternatively Afro-Asiatic ), also known as Hamito-Semitic, is a large language family, including about 375 living languages.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

It is also known as Alyeska, the " great land ", an Aleut word derived from the same root.

Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, film stories and scripts.

He is also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.

Alkanes ( also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons ) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds ( i. e., they are saturated compounds ) without any cycles ( or loops ; i. e., cyclic structure ).

In music an " answer " ( also known as countersubject ) is the technical name in counterpoint for the repetition or modification by one part or instrument of a theme proposed by another.

In human – computer interaction, computer accessibility ( also known as Accessible computing ) refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment.

Asphalt or or, also known as bitumen, is the sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits ; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

* An argument of a function, also known as an independent variable

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number ( also known as the proton number ) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 ( but was element Z = 79 on the periodic table ), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was exactly equal to its place in the periodic table ( also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized Z ).

The aardvark has been known to sleep in a recently excavated ant nest, which also serves as protection from its predators.