Quantum mechanically, we measure the three-qubit state, which is equivalent to collapsing the quantum state down to a classical distribution ( with the coefficients in the classical state being the squared magnitudes of the coefficients for the quantum state, as described above ), followed by sampling from that distribution.

Quantum mechanically, this can be described as an excitation to a higher energy state and then a return to a lower energy state accompanied by the emission of a photon.

Quantum mechanically it is not unreasonable to assume that the momenta of the electrons and nuclei in a molecule are comparable in magnitude ( recall that the corresponding operators do not contain mass and think of the molecule as a box containing the electrons and nuclei and see particle in a box ).

Quantum mechanically, this corresponds to mixing orbitals that differ in the l and m quantum numbers, such as the s ( l = 0 ) and p ( l = 1 ) atomic orbitals.

Quantum mechanically, the energy of the-th level of a harmonic oscillator is given by:

Quantum mechanically, the situation is even simpler ( conceptually ).

Quantum mechanically, this is described as a resonance between the non-bonded state | D, A > and the dative state | D < sup >+</ sup >... A < sup >-</ sup >>.

Quantum mechanically, the chiral current is not conserved: Jackiw discovered this due to the non-vanishing of a triangle diagram.

Quantum teleportation, or entanglement-assisted teleportation, is a process by which a qubit ( the basic unit of quantum information ) can be transmitted exactly ( in principle ) from one location to another, without the qubit being transmitted through the intervening space.

Over the course of the series, the viewer is given insight into the nature of the leaping process, in that the person that Sam leaps into is brought to the future at Project Quantum Leap, where he appears to everyone as Sam there ; in one episode, this person, a serial killer, escaped, preventing Sam from leaping until he was returned without incident to Project Quantum Leap.

His contributions to the field, according to Boehm ( 1997 ) himself, include " the Constructive Cost Model ( COCOMO ), the Spiral Model of the software process, the Theory W ( win-win ) approach to software management and requirements determination and two advanced software engineering environments: the TRW Software Productivity System and Quantum Leap Environment ".

Quantum anomalies were discovered via the process of renormalization, when some divergent integrals cannot be regularized in such a way that all the symmetries are preserved simultaneously.

* Quantum teleportation is one well-known quantum information processing operation which reliably transfers an unknown quantum state from one point to another distant point, destroying the original state in the process.

Quantum decoherence does not describe the actual process of the wavefunction collapse, but it explains the conversion of the quantum probabilities ( that exhibit interference effects ) to the ordinary classical probabilities.

The process, Quantum Directed Genetic Algorithms ( QDGA ), is a unique solution for identifying new catalysts and reactants.

* Depth Charge-Became a Transmetal when his ship was pulled into a temporal anomaly and sent back in time becoming irradated with the Quantum Surge in the process.

The QCD ( Quantum Chromodynamics ) dynamics of the hadronization process are not yet fully understood, but are modeled and parameterized in a number of phenomenological studies, including the Lund string model and in various long-range QCD approximation schemes.

Quantum Darwinism is a theory explaining the emergence of the classical world from the quantum world as due to a process of Darwinian natural selection ; where the many possible quantum states are selected against in favor of a stable pointer state.

Quantum Darwinism explains the transition of quantum systems from the vast potentiality of superposed states to the greatly reduced set of pointer states as a selection process, einselection, imposed on the quantum system through its continuous interactions with the environment.

A Ghoul is in the process of materialising, but the station's Quantum Barrier is still being repaired and is unable to contain the process.

Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process of reconstructing the quantum state ( density matrix ) for a source of quantum systems by measurements on the systems coming from the source.

Quantum process tomography ( QPT ) deals with identifying an unknown quantum dynamical process.

Quantum states of a particle and an antiparticle can be interchanged by applying the charge conjugation ( C ), parity ( P ), and time reversal ( T ) operators.

* Quantum superpositions can be described as vector sums of the constituent states.

Quantum processes can also produce EMR, such as when atomic nuclei undergo gamma decay, and processes such as neutral pion decay.

CESG does not manufacture security equipment, but works with industry to ensure the availability of suitable products and services, while GCHQ itself can fund research into such areas, for example to the Centre for Quantum Computing at Oxford University and the Heilbronn Institute at the University of Bristol.

Quantum dots ( nanoparticles with quantum confinement properties, such as size-tunable light emission ), when used in conjunction with MRI ( magnetic resonance imaging ), can produce exceptional images of tumor sites.

Quantum chemistry, a subfield of physical chemistry especially concerned with the application of quantum mechanics to chemical problems, provides tools to determine how strong and what shape bonds are, how nuclei move, and how light can be absorbed or emitted by a chemical compound.

Quantum coherence is not typically evident at macroscopic scales-although an exception to this rule can occur at extremely low temperatures ( i. e. approaching absolute zero ), when quantum behavior can manifest itself on more macroscopic scales ( see macroscopic quantum phenomena, Bose-Einstein condensate, and Quantum machine ).

Quantum mechanics can also provide quantitative insight into ionic and covalent bonding processes by explicitly showing which molecules are energetically favorable to which others, and the magnitudes of the energies involved.

Quantum information, and changes in quantum information, can be quantitatively measured by using an analogue of Shannon entropy, called the von Neumann entropy.

* Quantum information can be negative

Quantum gravity can be treated as an effective field theory.

Quantum systems can become entangled through various types of interactions ( see section on methods below ).

* Hyperdrives allow for faster-than-light travel, but at a rate slow enough ( 1 light year per 3 days, ~ 122c ) to keep the galaxy vast and unknown ; the new Quantum II Hyperdrive, developed by the Puppeteers but not yet released to humans, can cross a light year in just 1. 25 minutes (~ 425, 000c ).

The theory of the weak interaction can be called Quantum Flavordynamics ( QFD ), in analogy with the terms QCD and QED, but in practice the term is rarely used because the weak force is best understood in terms of electro-weak theory ( EWT ).

This trend can be seen in Syriana, the Bourne film series and the more recent James Bond films Casino Royale ( 2006 ) and Quantum of Solace ( 2008 ).

In the Quantum Leap episode " The Great Spontini ", Scott Bakula's character, Dr. Sam Beckett, leaps into an amateur magician in 1974 who aspires to appear on Bill Bixby's The Magician ; however, owing to his partial amnesia, Dr. Beckett, at first, can only recall Bixby's connection with The Incredible Hulk, which had not been made at that time.

Sam refuses to allow this, and before he can be stopped, he enters the Quantum Leap accelerator, disappearing into time.

Quantum logic can be regarded as a kind of propositional logic suitable for understanding the apparent anomalies regarding quantum measurement, most notably those concerning composition of measurement operations of complementary variables.

Quantum mechanics is different, because the numbers can be positive or negative.

Quantum effects that are consequences only of quantum fluctuations, not of subtleties of measurement incompatibility, can alternatively be models of classical continuous random fields.