Quark-gluon plasma was discovered at CERN in 2000.

** Quark-gluon plasma

* Quark-gluon plasma

* Quark-gluon plasma

* Quark-gluon plasma

A study of the hydrogen line profiles indicates that a measurement of these profiles can be used to calculate a temperature for the arc plasma that is reliable to about Af percent.

In plasma generators as currently commercially available for industrial use or as high temperature research tools often more than 50% of the total energy input is being transferred to the cooling medium of the anode.

Death is common in the first week and overall mortality is about 70 %, but increasing evidence points to favorable outcomes after aggressive treatment with corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange.

The BCR is only found on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into either antibody factories called plasma cells, or memory B cells that will survive in the body and remember that same antigen so the B cells can respond faster upon future exposure.

Phosphatidylserine is normally found on the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane, but is redistributed during apoptosis to the extracellular surface by a hypothetical protein known as scramblase.

If ADH production is excessive in heart failure, Na < sup >+</ sup > level in the plasma may fall ( hyponatremia ), and this is a sign of increased risk of death in heart failure patients.

In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in a liquid called blood plasma.

Plasma, which constitutes 55 % of blood fluid, is mostly water ( 92 % by volume ), and contains dissipated proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide ( plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation ), and blood cells themselves.

Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.

In contrast, carbon dioxide is almost entirely transported extracellularly dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ion.

** Remote plasma-enhanced CVD ( RPECVD ) – Similar to PECVD except that the wafer substrate is not directly in the plasma discharge region.

The energy source is intended to generate a plasma in which the gases are broken down and more complex chemistries occur.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

In some plants and cell types, after a maximum size or point in development has been reached, a secondary wall is constructed between the plasma membrane and primary wall.

Not all species of fungi have cell walls but in those that do, the plasma membrane is followed by three layers of cell wall material.

Bacteria also use the TCA cycle to generate energy, but since they lack mitochondria, the reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the plasma membrane rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Brin's own novel Sundiver is an example of science fiction proposing a form of life existing within the plasma atmosphere of a star using complex self-sustaining magnetic fields.

Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly after of photons starting to travel freely through space rather than constantly scattering with electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling.

The CSF contains approximately 0. 3 % plasma proteins, or approximately 15 to 40 mg / dL, depending on sampling site, and it is produced at a rate of 500 ml / day.

If this process happens faster than it is naturally quenched by ions recombining, the new ions multiply in successive cycles until the gas breaks down into a plasma and current flows freely in a discharge.

A corona is a type of plasma " atmosphere " of the Sun or other celestial body, extending millions of kilometers into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse, but also observable in a coronagraph.

The E-corona ( E for emission ) is due to spectral emission lines produced by ions that are present in the coronal plasma ; it may be observed in broad or forbidden or hot spectral emission lines and is the main source of information about the corona's composition.

Ions in the gaseous phase are often known as plasma.

When the plasma goes upward from the footpoints towards the loop top, as it always occurs during the initial phase of a compact flare, it is defined as chromospheric evaporation.

Beams with even higher energies can be used to create nuclei at very high temperatures, and there are signs that these experiments have produced a phase transition from normal nuclear matter to a new state, the quark-gluon plasma, in which the quarks mingle with one another, rather than being segregated in triplets as they are in neutrons and protons.

A plasma can be considered as a gas of highly ionized particles, but the powerful interionic forces lead to distinctly different properties, so that it is usually considered as a different phase or state of matter.

* C-reactive protein ( plasma protein ), an acute phase protein produced by the liver

If a plasma is placed in one arm of an interferometer, the phase shift will be proportional to the plasma density integrated along the path.

* 200 MeV is the temperature of quark-gluon plasma phase transition.

Such a separation ( together with an appropriate gas-flow scheme ) may help reduce the negative effect, that particles released from a processed substrate may have on the plasma chemistry of the gas phase.

In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift in surface engineering from age-old electroplating to processes such as vapor phase deposition, diffusion, thermal spray & welding using advanced heat sources like plasma, laser, ion, electron, microwave, solar beams, synchroton radiation, pulsed arc, pulsed combustion, spark, friction and induction.

between the confined " hadronic " phase, and the deconfined state of the field, e. g., the much-debated quark-gluon plasma.

Later upgrades saw the Enterprise fitted with more powerful weapons, with plasma cannons being replaced by three phase cannons rated for a maximum power output of 500 gigajoules and the spatial torpedoes with photonic torpedoes.

Landau damping occurs due to the energy exchange between a wave with phase velocity and particles in the plasma with velocity approximately equal to, which can interact strongly with the wave.

Abciximab has a plasma half-life of about ten minutes, with a second phase half-life of about 30 minutes.

The cells secrete a variety of major plasma proteins ; e. g., albumin, transferrin and the acute phase proteins fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and plasminogen.

so the plasma waves can accelerate electrons that are moving with speed nearly equal to the phase velocity of the wave.

Next day drowsiness is common and may increase during the initial phase of treatment as accumulation occurs until steady-state plasma levels are attained.

Experiments with the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have allowed physicists to determine that the quark – gluon plasma ( an early phase of matter ) behaved more like a liquid than a gas, and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN will probe still earlier phases of matter, but no accelerator ( current or planned ) will be capable of probing the Planck scale directly.

Mobility is defined for any species in the gas phase, encountered mostly in plasma physics and is defined as:

Such equations occur, e. g., in ecology, physiology, combustion, crystallization, plasma physics, and in general phase transition problems.

* In early Universe, at high temperature according to the Big Bang theory, when the universe was only a few tens of microseconds old, the phase of matter took the form of a hot phase of quark matter called the quark-gluon plasma ( QGP ).

Because of a technical obstacle known as the fermion sign problem, this method can only be used at low density and high temperature ( μ < T ), and it predicts that the crossover to the quark-gluon plasma will occur around T = 170 MeV However, it cannot be used to investigate the interesting color-superconducting phase structure at high density and low temperature.

This phase is also called the quark-gluon plasma.