Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

The use of the definite article before the word " Christ " and its gradual development into a proper name show the Christians identified the bearer with the promised Messiah of the Jews who fulfilled all the Messianic predictions in a fuller and a higher sense than had been given them by the Rabbis.

While this approach, requiring absolute purity, was rejected by other ancient Rabbis, for example ' he who is not for the name of God, will become for the name of God ', and a middle approach was adopted by Jews as standard.

" In 1945 the Union of Orthodox Rabbis " formally assembled to excommunicate from Judaism what it deemed to be the community's most heretical voice: Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, the man who eventually would become the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism.

It immediately proceeded to admit Rabbis Jan Caryl Kaufman and Beverly Magidson, who had been ordained at Hebrew Union College.

It presently composed of 25 Rabbis, who are voting members, and five laypeople, who do not vote but participate fully in deliberations.

In 1983, the Central Conference of American Rabbis passed a resolution waiving the need for formal conversion for anyone with at least one Jewish parent who has made affirmative acts of Jewish identity.

Some classical-era Rabbis, attacking Solomon's moral character, have claimed instead that the child was an ancestor of Nebuchadnezzar II, who destroyed Solomon's temple some 300 years later.

Eli, who was viewed negatively by many Classical Rabbis, is said to have reacted to this logic of Samuel by arguing that it was technically true, but Samuel should be put to death for making legal statements while Eli ( his mentor ) was present.

The Rabbis claimed leadership over all Jews, and added to the Amidah the birkat haMinim, a prayer which in part exclaims, " Praised are You O Lord, who breaks enemies and defeats the arrogant ," and which is understood as a rejection of sectarians and sectarianism.

His students included Rabbis: Yonasan David ( his son-in-law ) and Aharon Schechter, his successors as Rosh Yeshivas of Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin ; Hirsch Diskind, son-in-law of Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky and long-time Dean of Bais Yaakov School for Girls in Baltimore, Aharon Lichtenstein, son-in-law of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion in Israel ; Pinchas Stolper of the Orthodox Union and founder of NCSY who followed Hutner's guidelines in setting up this youth outreach movement ; Avrohom Davis, founder of the Metzudah religious books series ; Shlomo Freifeld who set up one of the first full-time yeshivas for baal teshuva students in the world ; Joshua Fishman, leader and executive Vice President of Torah Umesorah the National Society for Hebrew Day Schools ; Avrohom Kleinkaufman, a lecturer in Yeshiva of Far Rockaway and translator of the Genesis and Exodus volumes of the Metzuda Bible Commentary of Rabbi Solomon and the Kol Sasson Sephardic Siddurim and Machzorim ; Yaakov Perlow, the Novominsker Rebbe of Boro Park ; Meir Bilitzky, senior rabbi of Young Israel of New Hyde Park ; Noah Weinberg founder and head of Aish Hatorah and his brother Yaakov Weinberg of Ner Israel Yeshiva in Baltimore ; Yosef Katzenstein of Copenhagen, author of Kol Chayil and Lema ' an Achai ; Feivel Cohen of Brooklyn, author of " Badei HaShulchan " and world renowned posek, Dovid Cohen, rabbi of Congregation Gvul Yaabetz and an author of a number of books on Jewish theology, and Ahron Kaufman Rosh HaYeshiva of Yeshiva Gedola of Waterbury, son in law to Feivel Cohen.

It was Sa ' adya, who laid foundations for Jewish rationalist theology which built upon the work of Mu ' tazilah, thereby shifting Rabbinic Judaism from mythical explanations of the Rabbis to reasoned explanations of the intellect.

The Rabbis, who are traditionally seen as the descendants of the Pharisees, describe the similarities and differences between the two sects in Mishnah Yadaim.

Isaac Kalimi explains that the “ lex talionis was humanized by the Rabbis who interpreted " an eye for an eye " to mean resonable pecuniary compensation.

To prevent the yabam from extorting money from the widow who wishes release from the shackles of perpetual widowhood, the Rabbis established the institution of the " shetar halizah " (" halizah document ").

In the case of a minor brother, who could not legally sign the document, the institution of the " shetar bit ' hon halizah ," established by the Rabbis for such cases, had the father of the bridegroom promise to pay money to the bride if the minor son should later refuse the halizah ceremony ( ib.

Prominent recent authorities who have written commentaries on the work include Rabbis Meir Simcha of Dvinsk ( Ohr Somayach ), Chaim Soloveitchik ( Chiddushei Rabbeinu Chaim ), Yitzchok Isaac Krasilschikov ( Tevunah ), Isser Zalman Meltzer ( Even HaEzel ) and, more recently, the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson ( Hadran al HaRambam ), Elazar Shach ( Avi Ezri ) and Rabbi Yosef Kapach.

Modern scholarship on the Talmud has a spectrum of views from Joseph Klausner, R. Travers Herford and Peter Schäfer who see some traces of a historical Jesus in the Talmud, to the views of Johann Maier, and Jacob Neusner who consider that there are little or no historical traces and texts have been applied to Jesus in later editing, and others such as Boyarin ( 1999 ) who argue that Jesus in the Talmud is a literary device used by Rabbis to comment on their relationship to and with early Christians.

During the ceremony the national flag is lowered to half mast, the President and the Prime Minister both deliver speeches, Holocaust survivors light six torches symbolizing the approximately six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust and the Chief Rabbis recite prayers.

And I have heard that there are those who claim that since the Chief Rabbis of Tel Aviv-Jaffa who preceded me set a custom of ruling with chumra, the custom is not to be changed.

Later texts like the Mishnah and the Talmud record a host of rulings by Rabbis, some of whom are believed to be from among the Pharisees, concerning sacrifices and other ritual practices in the Temple, torts, criminal law, and governance.

The vast majority of classical Rabbis believed that God created the world close to 6, 000 years ago, and created Adam and Eve from clay.

However, the Rabbis of the Talmud cited two sources which they believed refer to this prohibition.

In the 12th century, Benjamin de Tudela visited Meron and described a cave of tombs located there believed to hold the remains of Hillel, Shammai, and " twenty of their disciples and other Rabbis.

In the 12th century, Benjamin de Tudela, a Navarrese rabbi, visited Meron and described a cave of tombs located there believed to hold the remains of Hillel, Shammai, and " twenty of their disciples and other Rabbis.

Among well known Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud and Leon de Modena.

When scientists first developed the theory of evolution, this idea was seized upon by Rabbis such as Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin, known as the Netziv, who saw Kabbalah as a way to resolve the differences between traditional readings of the Bible and modern day scientific findings.

Rabbis from the Progressive Movement initiated the idea of a Reform Zionist Youth Movement and they sent Shlichim ( educational emissaries ) to help guide the building of the new youth movement.

Other views of God affirmed by members of the Conservative movement include Kabbalistic mysticism ; Hasidic panentheism ( neo-Hasidism, Jewish Renewal ); limited theism ( as in Harold Kushner's When Bad Things Happen to Good People ); and organic thinking in the fashion of Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne, also known as process theology ( such as Rabbis Max Kaddushin, William E. Kaufman, or Bradley Shavit Artson ).

Official bodies of the Reform Movement in North America include the Union for Reform Judaism, the Central Conference of American Rabbis, and Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion.

Although even in Modern Orthodox circles there are some Rabbis ( e. g. Professor Marc Shapiro ) that point out the numerous rabbinic sources from the Talmudic, Post-Talmudic, and medieval ages that claim that there were some changes to the text, which include whole verses, that were made deliberately during the Mishnaic era, and even during the times of the first temple.

Ideally, a local Judenrat was to include Rabbis and other influential people of their local Jewish community.

A wealth of later works include commentary and exposition by such halachic authorities as the Ketzoth ha-Choshen and Avnei Millu ' im, Netivoth ha-Mishpat, the Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Yechezkel Landau ( Dagul Mervavah ), Rabbis Akiva Eger, Moses Sofer, and Chaim Joseph David Azulai ( Birkei Yosef ) whose works are widely recognized and cited extensively in later halachic literature.

Contributors to its website include Gideon Levy, Doron Rosenblum, Avraham Burg, Batya Gur, Meron Benvenisti, Shahar Smooha, Yossi Sarid, David Grossman, Yitzhak Frankenthal, Tony Judt, Rabbi Arik Ascherman of Rabbis for Human Rights, Gilad Atzmon, and Baruch Kimmerling.

Other leaders, teachers and authors associated with Jewish Renewal include Rabbis Arthur Waskow, Michael Lerner, Rachel Barenblat, Tirzah Firestone, Phyllis Berman, Shefa Gold, David Ingber, and Marcia Prager.

The current IBC members include the NCC, the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, the New York Board of Rabbis, the Union for Reform Judaism, and the Islamic Society of North America.

Notable senior faculty include Rabbis Pinchas Kahn, Chaim Kitevits, Yosef Fruchthandler, Shlomo Chai David Yitzchak Halioua, Avigdor Kitevits, Reuven Neirenberg, Eliyahu Yormark, Yitzchok Meir Sendrovitz, Chaim Lazer Kahn, Binyomin Fruchthandler, and Shmaryahu Yitzchok Efraim Kirzner.

Such dissenting voices include Rabbis Elazar Shach, Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, and Moshe Feinstein.

Other faculty include Rabbis Yisroel Shteinvurtzel, Yonasan Fischer, Yaakov Brazil, Ozriel Bodner, Moshe Greene, Yitzchok Elya Sussman, Yehoshua Kurland, Binyomin Cherney, Chaim Majorovic, Yaakov Pluchenick, Yaakov Tawil, Eliezer Kutner and Eliyahu Schneider.

Various community leaders and rabbis were influenced by him ; these include Rabbis Meir Fund, Naftali Citron, Nosson Schafer, Avraham Arieh Trugman, Avi Weiss and others.

Other maggidei shiur include Rabbis Yehuda Parness, Azarya Berzon, Dovid Mirsky, Ephraim Tenenbaum, and Eliyahu Soloveichik ( son of Rabbi Aharon Soloveichik ).

Notable rabbis who live in Kiryat Mattersdorf include Rabbis Shlomo Lorincz, Zelig Pliskin, Moshe Sacks, Yaakov Eliezer Schwartzman, Menachem Mendel Taub, Mendel Weinbach, Chaim Brovender, and Uri Zohar.

In addition it is the name of a fairly prominent family first in the United States in 1848 whose members include the founder of the School of Public Health at Harvard, several prominent attorneys and Rabbis.