Reader-response criticism argues that literature should be viewed as a performing art in which each reader creates his or her own, possibly unique, text-related performance.

Reader-response criticism establishes these horizons of expectation by reading literary works of the period in question.

Reader-response criticism relates to psychology, both experimental psychology for those attempting to find principles of response, and psychoanalytic psychology for those studying individual responses.

# REDIRECT Reader-response criticism

Reader-response theory shares many goals and insights with hermeneutics ; both aim to describe the reader's contact with text and the author.

Reader-response theory recognizes the reader as an active agent who imparts " real existence " to the work and completes its meaning through interpretation.

nl: Reader-response theory

Reader-response critics hold that in order to understand a text, one must look to the processes readers use to create meaning and experience.

Reader-response Criticism: From Formalism to Post-structuralism.

Reader-response critics denied that a text could have a quantifiable significance outside its being read and experienced by particular readers at particular moments.

What is the history of criticism but the history of men attempting to make sense of the manifold elements in art that will not allow themselves to be reduced to a single philosophy or a single aesthetic theory??

Without saying or seeming to say that in portraying the Sartoris and the Compson families Faulkner's chief concern is social criticism, we can say nevertheless that through those families he dramatizes his comment on the planter dynasties as they have existed since the decades before the Civil War.

`` What I'd like you to comment on is the criticism leveled at your Committee ''.

Understanding, as he did, the difficulty of the art of poetry, and believing that the `` only technical criticism worth having in poetry is that of poets '', he felt obliged to insist upon his duty to be hard to please when it came to the review of a book of verse.

Although because of the important achievements of nineteenth century scholars in the field of textual criticism the advance is not so striking as it was in the case of archaeology and place-names, the editorial principles laid down by Stevenson in his great edition of Asser and in his Crawford Charters were a distinct improvement upon those of his predecessors and remain unimproved upon today.

Much criticism has been leveled at this rather forced analogy, but what is equally significant is Adams' complete acceptance of the Biblical record as `` good and trustworthy history ''.

In light of the scholarly reappraisals engendered by the higher criticism this is a most remarkable statement, particularly coming from one who was well known for his antifundamentalist views.

This is no criticism of them, as they obviously cannot get a half-hour program into a fifteen-minute news summary.

Average consumer is becoming more sophisticated regarding product and advertising claims, partly because of widespread criticism of such assertions.

most of the rest is medieval or humanist or part of an old tradition of social criticism.

It is of course useful to have a sovereign cause on one's social criticism, for it makes diagnosis and prescription much easier than they might otherwise be.

Industry's main criticism of the Navy's antisubmarine effort is that it cannot determine where any one company or industry can apply its skills and know-how.

His famous criticism of brother Henry's `` third style '' is surely as subtly, even elegantly, worded an analysis of the latter's intricate air castles as Henry himself could ever have produced.

Of course, the well-received revivals last longer than the others, and that further reminds us that the Comedie is not insensitive to criticism.

" f one regards the Modest Proposal simply as a criticism of condition, about all one can say is that conditions were bad and that Swift's irony brilliantly underscored this fact ".

A less confrontational vision of scientific discovery is proposed by Adloff He suggests that hindsight criticism of the early publications should be mitigated by the nascent state of radiochemistry, highlights the prudence of Debierne's claims in the original papers, and notes that nobody can contend that Debierne's substance did not contain actinium.

" American shot " is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, " plan américain " and refers to a medium-long (" knee ") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera.

The criticism of Paneloux, is that he, unlike Tarrou, has lost his faith in humanity.

Some say that literary criticism is a subset of literary theory.

Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is certainly valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.

His work in this specific field ( based on the criss-crossing between literary criticism, bibliography, and sociocultural history ) is connected to broader historiographical and methodological interests which deal with the relation between history and other disciplines: philosophy, sociology, anthropology.

Ambrosiaster is the name given to the writer of a commentary on St Paul's epistles, " brief in words but weighty in matter ," and valuable for the criticism of the Latin text of the New Testament.

Another tack of criticism is to notice the disquieting links between democracy and a number of less than appealing features of Athenian life.

Locke also noted that the conscience is influenced by " education, company, and customs of the country ", a criticism mounted by J. L. Mackie, who argued that the conscience should be seen as an " introjection " of other people into an agent's mind.

This group came to be known as the Yale school and was especially influential in literary criticism.

With this in mind it is sometimes argued that the Theravada would not have been considered a " Hinayana " school by Mahayanists because unlike the now-extinct Sarvastivada school, the primary object of Mahayana criticism, the Theravada school does not claim the existence of independent dharmas ; in this it maintains the attitude of early Buddhism.

Category: Deschooling and criticism of the school system

Early in the century the school of criticism known as Russian Formalism, and slightly later the New Criticism in Britain and America, came to dominate the study and discussion of literature.

Fisk was educated at Yardley Court preparatory school, Sutton Valence School and at Lancaster University His opposition to the war brought criticism from both Irish Sunday Independent columnist and senator, Eoghan Harris, and The Guardian columnist, Simon Hoggart.

* Chicago school ( literary criticism )

Despite the rivalry of ben Naphtali and the opposition of Saadia Gaon, the most eminent representative of the Babylonian school of criticism, ben Asher's codex became recognized as the standard text of the Bible.

Despite his failure to finish Realschule ( a form of German secondary school ), Ossietzky succeeded in embarking on a career in journalism, with the topics of his articles ranging from theatre criticism to feminism and the problems of early motorization.

Psychoanalytical film theory is a school of academic film criticism that developed in the 1970s and ' 80s, is closely allied with critical theory, and that analyzes films from the perspective of psychoanalysis, generally the works of Jacques Lacan.

Even more sustained criticism came from conservatives who resented its liberalism, including its support for voter registration drives among blacks in the southern United States and school redistricting in Manhattan.

Patterson argues that this can be interpreted as a criticism against the school of Christianity associated with the Gospel of Matthew, and that " his sort of rivalry seems more at home in the first century than later ", when all the apostles had become revered figures.

He expressed contempt for the minute verbal criticism of the Porsonian school, in which he was himself deficient.

Category: Deschooling and criticism of the school system

( p. 62 – 64 ) His 1753 book initiated the school known as higher criticism that culminated in Julius Wellhausen formalising the documentary hypothesis in the 1870s, which in various modified forms still dominates understanding of the composition of the historical narratives.

The film, which involved a fourteen-year-old being sent to what the television preview deemed a women's prison ( when in reality it was a reform school ), drew heavy criticism due to an all-female rape scene, the first ever seen on American television.

Greg Mankiw, former chairman of President George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisors, offered similarly sharp criticism of the school in the early editions of his introductory economics textbook.

In New Testament criticism, Pfleiderer belonged to the critical school, which grew out of the impulse given by F. C. Baur.

Ritschl's work made a profound impression on German thought and gave a new confidence to German theology, while at the same time it provoked a storm of hostile criticism: his school has grown with remarkable rapidity.

His school, in which Wilhelm Herrmann, Julius Kaftan and Adolf Harnack are the chief names, diverges from his teaching in many directions ; e. g. Kaftan appreciates the mystical side of religion, Harnack's criticism is very different from Ritschl's arbitrary exegesis.

Returning to Heidelberg he became Privatdozent in theology in 1829, and in 1831 published his Begriff der Kritik am Alten Testamente praktisch erörtert, a study of Old Testament criticism in which he explained the critical principles of the grammatico-historical school, and his Des Propheten Jonas Orakel über Moab, an exposition of the 5th and 16th chapters of the book of Isaiah attributed by him to the prophet Jonah mentioned in 2 Kings xiv.

Hemsterhuis was the founder of a Dutch school of criticism, which had disciples in Valckenaer, Jacob van Lennep and David Ruhnken.

The disintegrating speculations of an influential school of criticism in Germany were making their way among English men of culture just about the time, as is usually the case, when the tide was turning against them in their own country.

This was, as it were, the " manifesto " of the new school of criticism applied to the political and social history of the Revolution ( see Les Annales révolutionnaires, June 1908 ).