The Catholic Church's Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ) advocates a progressive conservative doctrine known as social Catholicism.

Distributism ( also known as distributionism or distributivism ) is an economic philosophy that developed in England in the early 20th century based upon the principles of Catholic social teaching, especially the teachings of Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical Rerum Novarum and Pope Pius XI in Quadragesimo Anno.

In 1891 Pope Leo XIII promulgated Rerum Novarum, in which he addressed the " misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class " and spoke of how " a small number of very rich men " had been able to " lay upon the teeming masses of the laboring poor a yoke little better than that of slavery itself .".

In Rerum Novarum, Leo XIII states that people are likely to work harder and with greater commitment if they themselves possess the land on which they labour, which in turn will benefit them and their families as workers will be able to provide for themselves and their household.

* Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ) papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII

Pope Leo XIII in his " Magna Carta "— Rerum Novarum — spoke against the atrocities workers faced and demanded that workers should be granted certain rights and safety regulations.

* 1891 – Pope Leo XIII defends workers ' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum Novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.

Liberalism, was represented in France by the Orleanists who rallied to the Third Republic only in the late 19th century, after the comte de Chambord's 1883 death and the 1891 papal encyclical Rerum Novarum.

* May 15 – Pope Leo XIII issues the encyclical Rerum Novarum, resulting in the creation of many Christian Democrat Parties throughout Europe.

Two Papal encyclicals, Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ) of Pope Leo XIII, and Quadragesimo Anno ( 1931 ) of Pope Pius XI, offered a basis for social and political doctrine.

* Pope Leo XIII, who studied under Taparelli, published in 1891 the encyclical Rerum Novarum ( On the Condition of the Working Classes ), rejecting both socialism and capitalism, while defending labor unions and private property.

He is known for intellectualism, the development of social teachings with his encyclical Rerum Novarum and his attempts to define the position of the Church with regard to modern thinking.

Pope Leo XIII enunciated this in Rerum Novarum.

They see this orientation as contradicting Pope Pius XI's Quas Primas, Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum, and other papal and conciliar documents.

) While there, however, he was exposed to the teachings of Catholic social justice, in particular the encyclical Rerum Novarum.

On May 15, 1891, Leo XIII issued an encyclical on political issues known as Rerum Novarum ( Latin: " About New Things ").

Seeking to find some principle to replace the threatening Marxist doctrine of class struggle, Rerum Novarum urged social solidarity between the upper and lower classes, and endorsed nationalism as a way of preserving traditional morality, customs, and folkways.

In doing so, Rerum Novarum proposed a kind of corporatism, the organisation of political societies along industrial lines that resembled mediaeval guilds.

Forty years later, the corporatist tendencies of Rerum Novarum were underscored by Pope Pius XI's May 25, 1931 encyclical Quadragesimo Anno (" In the Fortieth Year "), which restated the hostility of Rerum Novarum to both unbridled competition and class struggle.

The common good is a concept central to Catholic social teaching tradition beginning with the foundational document, Rerum Novarum, a papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII, issued in 1891 to combat the excesses of both laissez-faire capitalism on the one hand and communism on the other.

The encyclical Rerum Novarum encyclical of Pope Leo XIII from 1891 was the starting point of a teaching on social questions that was expanded and updated all through the 20th century.

Despite the introduction of social thought as an object of religious thought, Rerum Novarum explicitly rejects what it calls " the main tenet of socialism ":

His only complete work extant, Rerum Rusticarum Libri Tres, has been described as " the well digested system of an experienced and successful farmer who has seen and practised all that he records.

* Rerum Novarum has been interpreted as a primer of the Roman Catholic response to the exploitation of workers.

The company's motto, " Tempus Rerum Imperator " has been adopted by the Google Web Accelerator project.

The usage of its current Czech name Šumava has been attested in late 15th century Antonio Bonfini's work Rerum unganicarum decades.

Indeed, Distributism in Catholic social teaching such as Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum and Pope Pius XI's Quadragesimo Anno resembles a Mutualist society based on Cooperatives, while Pope John Paul II's Catechism of the Catholic Church states " She ( the Church ) has ... refused to accept, in the practice of " capitalism ," individualism and the absolute primacy of the law of the marketplace over human labor.

When humanist scholar George Buchanan wrote his history Rerum Scoticarum Historia in the 1570s, a great deal of lurid detail had been added to the story.

Francisco Hernández, physician to Philip II of Spain spent the years 1571 – 1577 gathering information in Mexico and then wrote Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus, many versions of which have been published including one by Francisco Ximénez.

Here he drew on indigenous sources, including the extensive botanical gardens that had been established by the Aztecs, to record c. 1200 plants in his Rerum Medicarum of 1615.

Its foundations are widely considered to have been laid by Pope Leo XIII's 1891 encyclical letter Rerum Novarum, which advocated economic Distributism and condemned both Capitalism and Socialism, although its roots can be traced to the writings of Catholic thinkers such as St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Augustine of Hippo, and is also derived from concepts present in the Bible.

By 1880s, various labour market protections had been enacted, causing Herbert Spencer, at the time perhaps the world's most prominent advocate of economic liberalism, to raise the alarm at the rising power of socialism .. During the late 19th and early 20th century, in the field of politics, labour relations and trade, free market supporters suffered further set backs with intellectual and the moral attacks from groups like the Fabians, from His Holy Father Pope Leo XIII with his social encyclical Rerum Novarum ; with various countries including the US significantly increasing their trade tariffs ; and with Otto von Bismarck and David Lloyd George introducing early precursors of the welfare state.

His poem De Rerum Natura ( usually translated as " On the Nature of Things " or " On the Nature of the Universe ") transmits the ideas of Epicurean physics, which includes Atomism, and psychology.

Very little is known about Lucretius's life ; the only certain fact is that he was either a friend or client of Gaius Memmius, to whom De Rerum Natura was addressed and dedicated.

* 7th century-St. Isidore of Seville, in his work De Rerum Natura, writes about astronomy, cosmology and meteorology.

Christian democracy as a political movement was born at the end of the 19th century, largely as a result of the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII, in which the Vatican recognized workers ' misery and agreed that something should be done about it, in reaction to the rise of the socialist and trade union movements.

* Sempronius Asellio ( about 100 BCE ), military tribune of Scipio Africanus at the siege of Numantia, composed Rerum Gestarum Libri in at least fourteen books.

Rerum Novarum strongly asserts the right to own private property, including land, as a principle of natural law.

Rerum Novarum ( On the New Things ), for example, an encyclical written in 1891 by Pope Leo XIII made a critique on social ills and then discussed and promoted “ the Catholic doctrine on work, the right to property, the principle of collaboration instead of class struggle as the fundamental means for social change, the rights of the weak, the dignity of the poor and the obligations of the rich, the perfecting of justice through charity, on the right to form professional associations ” ( pa. 144 ).

As much of the driving force at the early organizing of the MST came from Catholic base communities, much of the MST ideology and actual practice are rooted on the principle, taken from the social doctrine of the Catholic Church, that private property should serve a social function-a principle developed during the 19th century, and made into Catholic official doctrine since Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum encyclical ; on the eve of the 1964 military coup, that was the principle evoked by President João Goulart in his famous " Central rally " ( a mammoth rally held in Rio de Janeiro, near to the city's greatest railroad station, where the president made a speech offering a blueprint for various political and social reforms ) when proposing the expropriation of estates of more than 600 hectares in area situated at the vicinity of federal facilities ( roads, railroads and reservatoirs as well as sanitation works )- a move that triggered the strong conservative resistance leading to Goulart's downfall.

Quadragesimo Anno ( 1931 ), was written to mark ' forty years ' since Pope Leo XIII's ( 1878 – 1903 ) encyclical Rerum novarum, and restated that encyclical's warnings against both socialism and unrestrained capitalism, as enemies to human freedom and dignity.

Rerum Novarum ( Latin for On the New Things ) is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 15, 1891.

He noted the similarities between his own economic views and the teaching of papal encyclicals on socio-economic issues, from Leo XIII's " Rerum Novarum " to Pope John XXIII's " Mater et Magistra ", as well as with the distributism supported by the Catholic thinkers G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc and Vincent McNabb.

On social issues, Pope Leo XIII promulgated Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ), which was followed by the Quadragesimo Anno ( 1931 ) of Pius XI, and the Centesimus Annus ( 1991 ) of John Paul II.

In 1891, Pope Leo XIII issued a papal bull entitled Rerum Novarum, which is considered the Catholic Church's first expression of a view supportive of a living wage.