The Roman Catholic Church sanctions only abstention or the rhythm method, also known as the use of the infertile or safe period.

By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Algeria including Al Qal ' a of Beni Hammad, the first capital of the Hammadid empire ; Tipasa, a Phoenician and later Roman town ; and Djémila and Timgad, both Roman ruins ; M ' Zab Valley, a limestone valley containing a large urbanized oasis ; also the Casbah of Algiers is an important citadel.

Apollo's role as the slayer of the Python led to his association with battle and victory ; hence it became the Roman custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won.

Apollo is a common theme in Greek and Roman art and also in the art of the Renaissance.

Thus the only member churches of the present Anglican Communion existing by the mid-18th century were the Church of England, its closely linked sister church, the Church of Ireland ( which also separated from Roman Catholicism under Henry VIII ) and the Scottish Episcopal Church which for parts of the 17th and 18th centuries was partially underground ( it was suspected of Jacobite sympathies ).

Someone also suggested that these large roads were used to quickly move an army from the canyon to the outlier communities, a purpose similar to the road systems known for the Roman empire.

Antoninus Pius (; born 19 September 86AD – died 7 March 161AD ), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138AD to 161AD.

Inevitably, the surviving evidence is not complete enough to determine whether one should interpret, with older scholars, that he wisely curtailed the activities of the Roman Empire to a careful minimum, or perhaps that he was uninterested in events away from Rome and Italy and his inaction contributed to the pressing troubles that faced not only Marcus Aurelius but also the emperors of the third century.

The family of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the Elder also represents one of the few periods in ancient Roman history where the position of Emperor passed smoothly from father to son.

Until the dissolution of Holy Roman Empire and mediatization of smaller imperial fiefs by Napoleon, the evangelical Abbess of Quedlinburg was also per officio the head of that reichsunmittelbar state.

Soon after acquiring the undisputed possession of the Roman empire, Theodosius died at Milan in 395, and two years later ( April 4, 397 ) Ambrose also died.

A second invasion also ended in defeat at the Battle of Verona, though Alaric forced the Roman Senate to pay a large subsidy to the Visigoths.

The Roman poet, Horace, also compared the two, describing Alcaeus as " more full-throatedly singing "-see Horace's tribute below.

The victorious Roman general, Publius Cornelius Sulla, left the Athenians their lives and did not sell them into slavery ; he also restored the previous government, in 86 BC.

They had the element of surprise, and this was also aided by the defection of Arminius from Roman ranks prior to the battle.

The Germans also made use of blocking obstacles, erecting a trench and earthen wall to hinder Roman movement along the route of the killing zone.

Greek writers under Roman rule also recorded cult practices and beliefs pertaining to Mars under the name of Ares.

There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).

This provision was repealed in 1716, at the request of George I, who was also the Elector of Hanover and Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg of the Holy Roman Empire, and so frequently needed and wanted to stay in Hanover.

They also point to the fact that the monarch must swear to defend the faith and be a member of the Anglican Communion, but that a Roman Catholic monarch would, like all Roman Catholics, owe allegiance to the Pope.

) Hilton also claims a Roman Catholic monarch would therefore be unable to be crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury and points to the examples of European states that have similar religious provisions for their monarchs: Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, whose constitutions compel their monarchs to be Lutherans, the Netherlands, the constitution of which insists its monarchs be members of the Protestant House of Orange, and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.

More than 1,000 were said to have been arrested -- 100 of them Roman Catholic priests.

The nineteenth-century immigration, whether Protestant or Roman Catholic, was not so much concerned, for very few if any among them held slaves: they were mostly in the Northern states where slavery had disappeared or was on the way out, or were too poverty-stricken to own slaves.

The famous Latin Responsa Prudentium (" answers of the learned ones ") were the accumulated views of many successive generations of Roman lawyers, a body of legal opinion which gradually became authoritative.

Between 1950 and 1960, van Vogt produced collections, notable fixups such as: The Mixed Men ( 1952 ) and The War Against the Rull ( 1959 ), and the two " Clane " novels, Empire of the Atom ( 1957 ) and The Wizard of Linn ( 1962 ), which were inspired ( like Asimov's Foundation series ) by the fall of the Roman Empire, specifically Claudius.

Protracted conflict through the seventeenth century with more radical Protestants on the one hand and Roman Catholics who still recognised the primacy of the Pope on the other, resulted in an association of churches that were both deliberately vague about doctrinal principles, yet bold in developing parameters of acceptable deviation.

The Hebrew and Nabataean alphabets, as they stood by the Roman era, were little changed in style from the Imperial Aramaic alphabet.

April was the second month of the Roman calendar, before January and February were added by King Numa Pompilius about 700 BC.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

The abbots of Cluny and Vendôme were, by virtue of their office, cardinals of the Roman church.

The earliest articles of faith were said to have been composed in the first century by the apostles themselves and sung publicly while on mission ( see Old Roman Symbol ).

Even more influential were such Roman thinkers as Cato, Cicero, Horace, and Virgil.

Principles of acoustics were applied since ancient times: Roman theatre ( structure ) | Roman theatre in the city of Amman.

The Roman Emperors Constantius II ( 337 – 361 ) and Valens ( 364 – 378 ) were Arians or Semi-Arians.

In contrast, in the Arian German kingdoms established on the wreckage of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, there were entirely separate Arian and Nicene Churches with parallel hierarchies, each serving different sets of believers.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

The archaeology, however, shows that they were largely Romanized, lived in Roman-style houses and used Roman artifacts, the Alemannic women having adopted the Roman fashion of the tunic even earlier than the men.

They lived in 100 cantons ( 4. 1 ) from which 1000 young men per year were chosen for military service, a citizen-army by our standards and by comparison with the Roman professional army.

The Alemanni were continually engaged in conflicts with the Roman Empire in the third and fourth centuries.

When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus in September, Gallienus ' successor Claudius II Gothicus turned north to deal with the Alemanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the Po River.

The Alemanni were routed, forced back into Germany, and did not threaten Roman territory for many years afterwards.