Yet, after Rousseau had given the social contract a new twist with his notion of the General Will, the same philosophy, it may be said, became the idea source of the French Revolution also.

Ever since he had first begun to study music and to teach it, Rousseau had dreamed of piercing through to fame as the result of a successful opera.

But then one day, while on a week's visit to the country home of a retired Swiss jeweler, Rousseau amused the company with a few little melodies he had written, to which he attached no great importance.

Rousseau had to admit that though he couldn't agree to a public performance, he would indeed, just for his own private satisfaction, dearly love to know how his work would sound when done by professional musicians and by trained voices.

All these emotions were screwed up to new heights when, after acceptance and the first rehearsals, there ensued such a buzz of excitement among Parisian music lovers that Duclos had to come running to Rousseau to inform him that the news had reached the superintendent of the King's amusements, and that he was now demanding that the work be offered first at the royal summer palace of Fontainebleau.

Diderot, who had been under police surveillance since 1747, was swiftly identified as the author ... and was imprisoned for some months at Vincennes, where he was visited almost daily by Rousseau, at the time his closest and most assiduous ally.

Robespierre had realized what a tremendous propaganda tool these festivals were, and he decided to create a new religion, mixing moral ideas with the Republic, based on the ideas of Rousseau, with Robespierre as the new high priest.

Rousseau, who was jealously sparing of his praises, addressed to him, in his Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse, a fine panegyric ; and when a stranger flatteringly told Voltaire he had come to see a great man, the philosopher asked him if he had seen Abauzit.

Rousseau was proud that his family, of the moyen order ( or middle-class ), had voting rights in the city.

Rousseau had no recollection of learning to read, but he remembered how when he was 5 or 6 his father encouraged his love of reading: Not long afterward, Rousseau abandoned his taste for escapist stories in favor of the antiquity of Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, which he would read to his father while he made watches.

When Rousseau was 10, his father, an avid hunter, got into a legal quarrel with a wealthy landowner on whose lands he had been caught trespassing.

Finding himself on his own, since his father and uncle had more or less disowned him, the teenage Rousseau supported himself for a time as a servant, secretary, and tutor, wandering in Italy ( Piedmont and Savoy ) and France.

From 1743 to 1744, Rousseau had an honorable but ill-paying post as a secretary to the Comte de Montaigue, the French ambassador to Venice.

In 1749, Rousseau was paying daily visits to Diderot, who had been thrown into the fortress of Vincennes under a lettre de cachet for opinions in his " Lettre sur les aveugles ," that hinted at materialism, a belief in atoms, and natural selection.

Rousseau had read about an essay competition sponsored by the Académie de Dijon to be published in the Mercure de France on the theme of whether the development of the arts and sciences had been morally beneficial.

According to Diderot, writing much later, Rousseau had originally intended to answer this in the conventional way, but his discussions with Diderot convinced him to propose the paradoxical negative answer that catapulted him into the public eye.

To the exasperation of his friends, Rousseau turned down the great honor, bringing him notoriety as " the man who had refused a king's pension.

" Rousseau, he wrote, " has not had the precaution to throw any veil over his sentiments ; and, as he scorns to dissemble his contempt for established opinions, he could not wonder that all the zealots were in arms against him.

'" Rousseau, who thought he had been defending religion, was crushed.

Should Rousseau have been able to leave room in his social theory for the advent of television, atomic energy, and IBM machines??

Moreover, Rousseau advocated the opinion that, insofar as they lead people to virtue, all religions are equally worthy, and that people should therefore conform to the religion in which they have been brought up.

Rousseau, a deteriorationist, proposed that, except perhaps for brief moments of balance, at or near its inception, when a relative equality among men prevailed, human civilization has always been artificial, creating inequality, envy, and unnatural desires.

In Discourse on the Arts and Sciences Rousseau argues that the arts and sciences have not been beneficial to humankind, because they arose not from authentic human needs but rather as a result of pride and vanity.

In contrast to the optimistic view of other Enlightenment figures, for Rousseau, progress has been inimical to the well-being of humanity, that is, unless it can be counteracted by the cultivation of civic morality and duty.

The kind of republican government of which Rousseau approved was that of the city state, of which Geneva was a model, or would have been, if renewed on Rousseau's principles.

" But Maloy adds that " The totalitarian thesis in Rousseau studies has, by now, been discredited as an attribution of real historical influence .” Arthur Melzer, however, while conceding that Rousseau would not have approved of modern nationalism, observes that his theories do contain the " seeds of nationalism ", insofar as they set forth the " politics of identification ", which are rooted in sympathetic emotion.

In his Discourse on the Origins of Inequality Among Men ( 1754 ), Rousseau maintained that man in a State of Nature had been a solitary, ape-like creature, who was not méchant ( bad ), as Hobbes had maintained, but ( like some other animals ) had an " innate repugnance to see others of his kind suffer " ( and this natural sympathy constituted the Natural Man's one-and-only natural virtue ).

Impressed by Proudhon's corrections of one of his Latin manuscripts, Fallot sought out his friendship, and the two were soon regularly spending their evenings together discussing French literature by Montaigne, Rabelais, Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot, and many other authors to whom Proudhon had not been exposed during his years of theological readings.

Rousseau then claimed the two had stolen the credit for the words and music he had contributed, though musicologists have been able to identify almost nothing of the piece as Rousseau's work.

A friendship with Rousseau, which lasted in some measure to the end, may have been due in the first instance to the fact that Rousseau had been domestic tutor in the family of Condillac's elder brother, Jean Bonnot, known as Monsieur de Mably, at Lyon.

A second phase of modernist political thinking begins with Rousseau, who questioned the natural rationality and sociality of humanity and proposed that human nature was much more malleable than had been previously thought.

Many of the most important figures in classical saxophone history have been Mule's disciples, including Frederick Hemke, Eugene Rousseau, Daniel Deffayet ( who succeeded Mule at the Paris Conservatoire in 1968 ) and Claude Delangle ( who succeeded Deffayet in 1988 ).

Then in 1788 ( a year prior to the French Revolution ) she appeared as an author under her own name ( Sophie had been already published, but anonymously ) with some Lettres sur J. J. Rousseau, a fervid panegyric which demonstrated evident talent but little in the way of critical discernment.

Napoleon Bonaparte visited Ermenonville, where he remarked to Girardin that it might have been better for the French peace that neither he nor Rousseau had ever been born.

Romain Duris is most famous for his role as the French exchange student Xavier Rousseau in The Spanish Apartment and The Russian Dolls.

Also developed in the 1970s is the Failure Drill or Mozambique Drill, developed by Jeff Cooper student Mike Rousseau.

The cult that grew up around Rousseau after his death, and particularly the radicalized versions of Rousseau's ideas that were adopted by Robespierre and Saint-Just during the Reign of Terror, caused him to become identified with the most extreme aspects of the French Revolution.

Because Rousseau was the preferred philosopher of the radical Jacobins of the French Revolution, he, above all, became tarred with the accusation of promoting the notion of the " noble savage ", especially during the polemics about Imperialism and scientific racism in the last half of the 19th century.

In this respect he is the forerunner of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, etc., and is the first to formulate that idea of “ education according to nature ” so influential during the latter part of the eighteenth and early part of the nineteenth century.

Prominent artists in Paris during the Belle Epoque included post-Impressionists such as Odilon Redon, Maurice Denis, Pierre Bonnard, Edouard Vuillard, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, Emile Bernard, Henri Rousseau, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ( whose reputation improved substantially after his death ), and a young Pablo Picasso.

Philippe, like most Jacobins during the French Revolution, strongly adhered to the principles of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and was interested in creating a more moral and democratic form of government in France.

Although serious doubts were raised about the Enlightenment prior to the 1790s ( e. g. in the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in France and J. G. Hamann in Germany in particular ), the Reign of Terror during the French revolution fueled a major reaction against the Enlightenment, which many writers blamed for undermining traditional beliefs that sustained the ancien regime, thereby fomenting revolution.

* Narrenweisheit oder Tod und Verklärung des Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( Tis folly to be wise, or, Death and transfiguration of Jean-Jaques Rousseau ), 1952, a novel set before and during the Great French Revolution

The phrase, " general will " as Rousseau intended it, occurs in Article Six of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen ( French: Déclaration des droits de l ' Homme et du citoyen ), composed in 1789 during the French Revolution: The law is the expression of the general will.

Another writer during the Cold War period, liberal theorist Karl Popper, also interpreted Rousseau in this way.

Millet, the peasant painter, for whom Rousseau had the greatest regard, had been much with him during the last years of his life, and at his death Millet assumed charge of the insane wife.

It was in this form that Locke's work was reprinted during the 18th century in France and in this form that Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau were exposed to it.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in Geneva during the 18th century

It was during this time that they met Rousseau and Matisse.

Rousseau scored a total of 5 goals, 4 of which came in a 19-1 victory over Japan, and 9 points in 7 games during Canada's Olympic run.

Rousseau had a total of 17 points during the Rangers ' run as they lost the Stanley Cup in 6 games to the Boston Bruins.

On June 14, 1866, he was assaulted by fellow congressman Lovell Rousseau for insulting him and his home state of Kentucky during a House debate.

Her own work during this period was strongly influenced by the art she was viewing including the post-impressionist art of Van Gogh, Gauguin and Henri Rousseau and the fauves including Henri Matisse and Derain.