Columbia was also the only orbiter not delivered with head-up displays for the Commander and Pilot, although these were incorporated after STS-9.

The mission was also scheduled to carry out a series of tests with the TDRS-1 satellite which had been deployed by STS-6, to ensure the system was fully operational before it was used to support the Spacelab 1 program on the upcoming STS-9 flight.

Among this first group was Ulf Merbold, who then also flew the first Spacelab mission STS-9.

In 1983, Columbia, under the command of John Young for his sixth spaceflight, undertook its second operational mission ( STS-9 ), in which the Spacelab science laboratory and a six-person crew was carried, including the first non-American astronaut on a space shuttle, Ulf Merbold.

* Spacelab 1 was flown on STS-9, launched November 28, 1983.

Shuttle Columbia during STS-9 with Spacelab Module LM1 and tunnel in its cargo bay.

Young flew two missions of the Space Shuttle, including commanding the program's 1981 maiden flight, STS-1 ; and STS-9 in 1983, which carried the first Spacelab module.

A veteran of two Spacelab missions, Parker was a mission specialist on STS-9 / Spacelab-1 ( 28 November-8 December 1983 ) and on STS-35 ( 2 – 10 December 1990 ); which featured the ASTRO-1 ultraviolet astronomy laboratory.

He helped train astronauts for the first Spacelab mission which was carried aloft in the Space Shuttle Columbia's payload bay during STS-9.

* NBC & ABC News Coverage of STS-9 Part 1

Another unique external feature, termed the " SILTS " pod, was located on the top of Columbia's tailfin, and was installed after STS-9 to acquire infrared and other thermal data.

In 1982, he was selected as the prime payload specialist, and in 1983 he flew on board the Columbia on the STS-9 mission.

As a result of this incident, the flight of STS-9 was delayed for a month while the nozzles of its boosters were changed.

Following STS-9, the flight numbering system for the Space Shuttle program was changed.

Thus, the next flight, instead of being designated STS-11, became STS 41-B ; the original successor to STS-9, STS-10, was cancelled due to payload delays.

It was the first time that Columbia, the first operational orbiter to be constructed, had flown since STS-9.

It was the first mission since STS-9 to use the original STS numbering system, the first to have all its crew members wearing pressure suits for launch and landing since STS-4, and the first mission with bail-out capacity since STS-4.

Shaw's first trip to space was as pilot on STS-9 Columbia from November 28 to December 8, 1983.

His second space flight was aboard STS-9 ( Spacelab-1 ) in 1983, a multidisciplinary and international mission of 10 days aboard space shuttle Columbia.

He was a mission specialist on two space shuttle missions, STS-9 and STS-35.

He was CAPCOM ( spacecraft communicator ) for STS-5 through STS-9.

* NASA STS-9 Mission Summary

STS-9 crew ( NASA )

His technical assignments included: scientific equipment operator for high altitude research on the WB-57F aircraft ( 1980 – 1981 ); astronaut medical support for the first four Shuttle missions ( 1980 – 1982 ); astronaut office representative for Extravehicular Mobility Unit ( spacesuit ) and Extravehicular Activity ( EVA ) procedures and development, including thermal vacuum testing of the suit ( 1981 – 1984 ); astronaut office representative for the Payload Assist Module ( PAM-D ) procedures and development ( 1982 – 1983 ); astronaut office representative for Shuttle Mission Simulator ( SMS ) development ( 1983 ); support crewman for STS-8 ; CAPCOM for STS-8 and STS-9 ; Remote Manipulator System ( RMS ) hardware and software development team ( 1983 ); Manned Maneuvering Unit ( MMU ) development team ( 1983 ); Deputy Director of NASA Government-furnished and Contractor-furnished Equipment ( 1982 – 1983 ); Chief of Astronaut Public Appearances ( 1985 – 1987 ); Head, Astronaut Office Space Station Manned Systems Division, and Health Maintenance Facility ( 1987 – 1989 ); Astronaut Office representative on space crew selection and retention standards for Space Station ( 1989 – 1991 ).

In 1983, Ulf Merbold from ESA and Byron Lichtenberg from MIT ( engineer and Air Force fighter pilot ) were the first payload specialists to fly on the Space Shuttle, on mission STS-9.

STS-9 launches from Kennedy Space Center, 28 November 1983.

STS-9 launched successfully from Kennedy Space Center at 11 am EST on 28 November 1983.

Garriott is a member of the following organizations: American Astronautical Society ( fellow ), American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ( associate fellow ), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, American Geophysical Union, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Association of Space Explorers ( board of directors ), Astronaut Scholarship Foundation ( vice president and vice chairman ). Garriott with ham radio during STS-9 training in 1983

Before STS-32, the only mission of the same duration had been STS-9 in 1983.

The flight furthermore served as shakedown testing for the previously launched TDRS-1 satellite, which would be required to support the subsequent STS-9 mission.

STS-61-C saw Columbia return to flight for the first time since the STS-9 mission in November 1983, after having undergone major modifications by Rockwell International in California.

He flew on Spacelab-1 ( STS-9 ) mission for ten days in 1983, conducted multiple experiments in life sciences, materials sciences, Earth observations, astronomy and solar physics, upper atmosphere and plasma physics.

Prior to STS-9, scientist-astronaut Garriott had spent 56 days in orbit in 1973 aboard Skylab.

These were active for the four orbital test flights, but deactivated after STS-4, and removed entirely after STS-9.

On STS-9, two of Columbias APUs caught fire, but the craft landed successfully.

Under the new system, STS-9 would have been designated as STS-41-A.

The nine stars and the path of the orbiter indicate the flight's numerical designation, STS-9.

Missiles are very valuable weapons, but they also have their too little known limitations.

The aircraft could be used to destroy other mobile, fleeting, and imprecisely located targets as well as the known, fixed and hardened targets which can also be destroyed by missile.

Back at the Kaiser's Fountain, I walked left to the streetcar stop and rode up the hill -- any car will do -- past the Column of Constantine, also known as the Burnt Column, at the top on my right.

We now have not only what has been called over here the comedy of menace but we also have horror jokes, magazines known as Horror Comics, and sick comedians.

We pointed out that emotional excitement may lead to psychosomatic disorders and neurotic symptoms, particularly in certain types of personality, but it is also known that the reliving of a strong emotion ( `` abreaction '' ) may cure a battle neurosis.

The process in which the outcome of any one stage is known only statistically is also of interest, although for chemical reactor design it is not as important as the deterministic process.

The Roman Catholic Church sanctions only abstention or the rhythm method, also known as the use of the infertile or safe period.

She knew also that I was unmarried and without a single known relative.

Alabama is also known as the " Heart of Dixie.

This period had also known Augustine of Hippo, Nonius Marcellus and Martianus Capella among many others.

As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes ( ; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, " light of the sun "), Helius ( ; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally " sun "), Phanaeus ( ; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally " giving or bringing light "), and Lyceus ( ; Λύκειος, Lukeios, from Proto-Greek * λύκη, " light ").

For this he was also known as Parnopius ( ; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, " locust ") and to the Romans as Culicarius ( ; from Latin culicārius, " of midges ").

Afroasiatic ( alternatively Afro-Asiatic ), also known as Hamito-Semitic, is a large language family, including about 375 living languages.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

It is also known as Alyeska, the " great land ", an Aleut word derived from the same root.

Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, film stories and scripts.

He is also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.

Alkanes ( also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons ) are chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds ( i. e., they are saturated compounds ) without any cycles ( or loops ; i. e., cyclic structure ).

In music an " answer " ( also known as countersubject ) is the technical name in counterpoint for the repetition or modification by one part or instrument of a theme proposed by another.

In human – computer interaction, computer accessibility ( also known as Accessible computing ) refers to the accessibility of a computer system to all people, regardless of disability or severity of impairment.

Asphalt or or, also known as bitumen, is the sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits ; it is a substance classed as a pitch.

* An argument of a function, also known as an independent variable

In chemistry and physics, the atomic number ( also known as the proton number ) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

Nevertheless, in spite of Rutherford's estimation that gold had a central charge of about 100 ( but was element Z = 79 on the periodic table ), a month after Rutherford's paper appeared, Antonius van den Broek first formally suggested that the central charge and number of electrons in an atom was exactly equal to its place in the periodic table ( also known as element number, atomic number, and symbolized Z ).

The aardvark has been known to sleep in a recently excavated ant nest, which also serves as protection from its predators.