As the first Sultan of Egypt, Saladin established the Ayyubid dynasty, based in Cairo, and aligned Egypt with the Abbasids, who were based in Baghdad.

In 1187, the Ayyubid Sultan, Saladin, defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin ( above Tiberias ), taking Jerusalem and most of Palestine.

In 1187, the Crusaders were evicted by the Ayyubid forces of Saladin after their victory in the Battle of Hattin, and the town slowly went into decline.

The Ayyubid empire had fallen into civil war after the death of Saladin in 1193.

Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (, Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, Kurdish: سه ‌ لاحه ‌ دین ئه ‌ یوبی, Selah ' edînê Eyubî ) ( 1137 / 1138 – March 4, 1193 ), better known in the Western world as Saladin, was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founded the Ayyubid dynasty .< ref name =" Minorsky "> A number of contemporary sources make note of this.

In 1174, Saladin sent Turan-Shah to conquer Yemen to allocate it and its port Aden to the territories of the Ayyubid Dynasty.

The Ayyubid dynasty held a council upon the revelation of his preparations to discuss the possible threat and Saladin collected his own troops outside Cairo.

All of the booty from the Ayyubid victory was accorded to the army, Saladin not keeping anything himself.

On November 25, while the greater part of the Ayyubid army was absent, Saladin and his men were surprised near Ramla in the battle of Montgisard.

On May 11, 1182, Saladin along with half of the Egyptian Ayyubid army and numerous non-combatants left Cairo for Syria.

After a few Ayyubid raids — including attacks on Zir ' in, Forbelet, and Mount Tabor — the Crusaders still were not tempted to attack their main force, and Saladin led his men back across the river once provisions and supplies ran low.

Although the Ayyubid dynasty that he founded would only outlive him by 57 years, the legacy of Saladin within the Arab World continues to this day.

Turan-Shah annexed Yemen to the Ayyubid Empire of Saladin in 1173.

* 1171: Saladin deposes the last Fatimid Caliph Al -' Āḍid, initiating the Ayyubid dynasty.

Tamar sought to make use of the weakness of the Byzantine Empire and the crusaders ' defeat at the hands of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in order to gain Georgia's position on the international stage and to assume the traditional role of the Byzantine crown as a protector of the Christians of the Middle East.

* Following the death of Saladin, the lands of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria are split among his descendants.

* March 4 – Saladin, Sultan of the Kurdish Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria ( b. c. 1138 )

Artistic representation of Saladin, the first Ayyubid dynasty | Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Greater Syria | Syria.

* Al-Aziz Uthman, was the second son of Saladin and the second Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt

Ayyubid Sultan Saladin had conquered most of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem, including the ancient city itself, in 1187.

The Mosque of Omar was built in its current shape by the Ayyubid Sultan al-Afdal bin Saladin in 1193 CE in memory of this event.

In 1171, Saladin seized Fatimid Egypt, and installed the transitory Ayyubid dynasty on the throne.

The origins of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt lie in the Ayyubid Dynasty that Saladin ( Salah ad-Din ) founded in 1174.

The earliest known Kurdish dynasties under Islamic rule ( 10th to 12th centuries ) are the Hasanwayhids, the Marwanids, the Shaddadids, followed by the Ayyubid dynasty founded by Saladin.

Saladin returned to Damascus in September 1184 and a generally peaceful environment between the Crusader states and the Ayyubid empire subsequently ensued in 1184 – 85.

Rather than establishing a centralized empire, Saladin had established hereditary ownership throughout his lands, dividing his empire among kinsmen, with family members receiving semi-autonomous fiefs and principalities.

Upon Uthman's death, two clans within the empire opposed each other ; the mamluks whom Shirkuh and Saladin had enlisted — the Asadiyya and Salahiyya.

He afterwards formed one of the circles of learned men whom Saladin gathered around him at Jerusalem.

Although Saladin eliminated Christian control of the Holy Land around 1190, the Crusader states in Lebanon and Syria were better defended.

Richard had kept 2, 700 Muslim prisoners as hostages against Saladin fulfilling all the terms of the surrender of the lands around Acre.

Following the failure of his Kerak sieges, Saladin temporarily turned his attention back to another long-term project and resumed attacks on the territory of ʻIzz ad-Dīn ( Masʻūd ibn Mawdūd ibn Zangi ), around Mosul, which he had begun with some success in 1182.

An unusually low ransom for the times ( around $ 50 in modern money ) was to be paid for each Frank in the city whether man, woman or child but Saladin, against the wishes of his treasurers, allowed many families who could not afford the ransom to leave.

" In the days of Saladin Al Ayubi, around 1187, there was a castle in the Jenin vicinity.

He did not ratify Raymond's treaty with Saladin, but instead went raiding towards Damascus and around the Beqaa Valley.

In late May Saladin assembled the largest army he had ever commanded, around some 30, 000 men including about 12, 000 regular cavalry.

Here, according to Saladin, " The hawks of the Frankish infantry and the eagle of their cavalry hovered around the water.

Saladin sent the two wings of his army around the Frankish force and seized the spring at Turan, thus blocking the Frankish line of retreat.

He is most famous for the Kitab al-I ' tibar ( translated various ways, most recently as the Book of Contemplation ), which was written as a gift to Saladin around 1183.

In 1177, the plains around Gezer were the site of the Battle of Montgisard, in which the Crusaders under Baldwin IV defeated the forces of Saladin.

The fortress was built around 1229 by Al-Aziz Uthman, nephew of Saladin and younger son of Al-Adil I, to preempt an attack on Damascus by participants of the Sixth Crusade.

In 1176, its Christian inhabitants raised the standard of revolt against the Muslims, but were suppressed promptly by Al-Adil, brother of Saladin, who hanged nearly 3, 000 Copts on the trees around the city.

Saladin, along with many of his successors, were buried around the Umayyad Mosque.