Saxicola derives from Latin saxum (" rock ") + incola (" dwelling "); rubetra is a Latin term for a small bird.

The scientific name Saxicola means " rock-dweller ", from Latin saxum, a rock + incola, dwelling in ; and rubicola, " bramble-dweller ", from Latin Rubus, brambles + incola ; the subspecies name hibernans refers to Ireland ( Latin, Hibernia ).

These include the: Black Grouse ( Tetrao tetrix ), the Nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeus ), the Woodlark ( Lullula arborea ), the Great Grey Shrike ( Lanius excubitor ), the Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ), the Stonechat ( Oenanthe oenanthe ), the Wryneck ( Jynx torquilla ), the European Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridis ), the Wheatear ( Saxicola torquata ), the Curlew ( Numenius arquata ), the Quail ( Coturnix coturnix ) and the Black Stork ( Ciconia nigra ).

As with other species of Saxicola, it was formerly considered a member of the thrush family ( Turdidae ), but is now placed in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

The Canary Islands Stonechat ( Saxicola dacotiae ), also known as the Fuerteventura Stonechat or Fuerteventura Chat, and formerly known as the Canary Islands Chat due to its once widespread distribution on the Canary Islands.

It was included in the " Common Stonechat " ( Saxicola torquata ), but it is quite distinct ; it is likely to be an insular derivative of ancestral European Stonechats that colonised the islands some 1-2 mya, during the Early Pleistocene ( Wink et al.

Of particular note in this park are the: Hen harrier ( Circus cyaneus ), European Honey Buzzard ( Pernis apivorus ), Common Snipe ( Gallinago gallinago ), Red-backed Shrike ( Lanius collurio ), Yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ), Garden Warbler ( Sylvia borin ) and Whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ).

For the Winchat ( Saxicola rubetra ), the area of Mourela is the unique nesting ground in Portugal, while the Red-backed Shrike and Yellowhammer is limited to Castro Lombeiro plateau and northern corners of the Park.

Faunal species recorded are: wild boars, roe deer, hen harrier, black grouse ( Tetrao tetrix ), Mulot sylvestre, wood mouse deer, deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), Grasshopper Warbler ( Locustella naevia ), Northern Shrike ( Lanius excubitor ), Meadow pipit ( Anthus pratensis ), Stonechat ( Saxicola ) ( torquata ) and Wheatear Oenanthe ( Oenanthe ).

** Genus Saxicola, bushchats and stonechats ( 14 species )

The Whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ) is a small migratory passerine bird breeding in Europe and western Asia and wintering in Africa.

The European Stonechat ( Saxicola rubicola ) is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a subspecies of the Common Stonechat.

In Britain, France and Ireland, it is particularly noted for supporting Dartford Warblers ( Sylvia undata ) and European Stonechats ( Saxicola rubicola ); the common name of the Whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ) attests to its close association with Ulex.

The Pied Bush Chat ( Saxicola caprata ) is a small passerine bird found ranging from West and Central Asia to South and Southeast Asia.

The Pied Bush Chat is slightly smaller than the Siberian Stonechat, Saxicola maurus, although it has a similar dumpy structure and upright stance.

Common Stonechat is the name used for the Saxicola species Saxicola torquatus when this is treated in its broad sense.

This species represents a fairly basal divergence of the genus Saxicola.

The genus name indicates that it looks similar to Saxicola, the genus of the Pied Bushchat, a bird often found in similar habitats.

Formerly included in Saxicola, but now treated in a separate genus:

Genetic and behavioural evidence has also resulted in several new species being accepted in the genus in recent years, most notably the splitting of the former broad " species " Common Stonechat Saxicola torquatus into five species, a change now widely though not yet universally accepted.

It retains the supercilium found in many Muscicapidae but lost in the more derived Saxicola species such as the European Stonechat or African Stonechat ( S. torquatus ).

Not all of the above are currently recognised as full species by all of the relevant taxonomical authorities, for example the British Ornithologists ' Union, currently include stejnegeri as a subspecies of Saxicola maurus.

The following species are currently accepted in Saxicola:

The heaths have strong breeding populations of birds, including Whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ) and African Stonechat ( Saxicola torquata ).

* Saxicola rubicola rubicola.

* Saxicola rubicola hibernans.

* BirdLife International ( 2006 ): Species factsheet: Saxicola dacotiae.

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