Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

Abettor ( from to abet, Old French abeter, à and beter, to bait, urge dogs upon any one ; this word is probably of Scandinavian origin, meaning to cause to bite ), is a legal term implying one who instigates, encourages or assists another to commit an offence.

In theme and function they may originate from Scandinavian and Germanic traditions of storytelling that can be seen in poems such as Beowulf.

Historically the å has developed from a ligature by writing a small a on top of the letter a ; if an å character is unavailable, some Scandinavian languages allow the substitution of a doubled a.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

Freyja is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century ; in several Sagas of Icelanders ; in the short story Sörla þáttr ; in the poetry of skalds ; and into the modern age in Scandinavian folklore, as well as the name for Friday in many Germanic languages.

Finland's foreign politics before this deal had been varied: independence from Imperial Russia with support of Imperial Germany in 1917 ; participation in the Russian Civil War ( without official declaration of war ) alongside the Triple Entente 1918 – 1920 ; a non-ratified alliance with Poland in 1922 ; association with the neutralist and democratic Scandinavian countries in the 1930s ended by the Winter War ( 1939 ); and finally in 1940, a rapprochement with Nazi Germany, the only power able to protect Finland against the expansionist Soviet Union, leading to the Continuation War in 1941.

Related, but not identical, is the Scandinavian tribal name Geat ( the inhabitants of Swedish Götaland / Geatland ), from the Proto-Germanic * Gautoz ( plural * Gautaz ).

This area was influenced by southern Scandinavian culture from as early as the late Nordic Bronze Age and early Pre-Roman Iron Age ( ca.

In fact, the Scandinavian influence on Pomerania and today's northern Poland from ca.

Consisting of sixteen books written in Latin on the invitation of Archbishop Absalon, Gesta Danorum describes Danish history and to some degree Scandinavian history in general, from prehistory to the late 12th century.

In addition, Gesta Danorum offers singular reflections on European affairs in the High Middle Ages from a unique Scandinavian perspective, supplementing what has been handed down by historians from Western and Southern Europe.

He was immensely popular not only in Germany but in the rest of Europe as well: orders for editions of Telemann's music came from France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Scandinavian countries, Switzerland, and Spain.

The Viking Age, a period of migrations of Scandinavian peoples, dominated the period from the late 700s to the middle 1000s.

* Heiðabýr is derived from old Scandinavian sources and is the oldest known name.

" Dickson-Wright further cites etymologist Walter William Skeat as further suggestion of possible Scandinavian origins: Skeat claimed that the hag – element of the word is derived from the Old Norse haggw or the Old Icelandic hoggva ( höggva in modern Icelandic ), meaning ' to hew ' or strike with a sharp weapon, relating to the chopped-up contents of the dish.

The first Scandinavian documents mentioning a " land of the Finns " are two runestones: ( Söderby, Sweden, with the inscription finlont ( U 582 †), Gotland with the inscription finlandi ( G 319 M ) dating from the 11th century.

During the Middle Ages, there were various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small amount of the population, the election of Gopala in Bengal region of Indian Subcontinent, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ( 10 % of population ), the Althing in Iceland, the Løgting in the Faeroe Islands, certain medieval Italian city-states such as Venice, the tuatha system in early medieval Ireland, the Veche in Novgorod and Pskov Republics of medieval Russia, Scandinavian Things, The States in Tirol and Switzerland and the autonomous merchant city of Sakai in the 16th century in Japan.

Another Scandinavian people, the Rus ' people, would go on to found Kievan Rus ', an early state which was a precursor for the modern country of Russia.

Returning to France in 1830, he delivered a series of lectures on Scandinavian and early German poetry at the Athenaeum in Marseille.

Joachim took some part in the political complications of the Scandinavian kingdoms, but the early years of his reign were mainly spent in the administration of his electorate, where he succeeded in restoring some degree of order through stern measures.

Njörðr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, in euhemerized form as a beloved mythological early king of Sweden in Heimskringla, also written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century, as one of three gods invoked in the 14th century Hauksbók ring oath, and in numerous Scandinavian place names.

In Northern and Eastern Europe, especially in Scandinavian countries, Poland, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, newly harvested, early ripening varieties are considered a special delicacy.

The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian entered usage in the 18th century as terms for the three Scandinavian countries, their peoples and associated language and culture, being introduced by the early linguistic and cultural Scandinavist movement.

A Scandinavian origin has been proposed ( compare, for example, Norwegian slengenamn, which means " nickname "), but is discounted by the Oxford English Dictionary based on " date and early associations ".

The early historic period was dominated by Scandinavian influences, especially Norway, and the islands did not become part of Scotland until the fifteenth century.

The date is usually put somewhere in the early 11th century in all three Scandinavian countries.

Having settled Aldeigja ( Ladoga ) in the 750s, Scandinavian colonists were probably an element in the early ethnogenesis of the Rus ' people, and likely played a role in the formation of the Rus ' Khaganate.

The Scandinavian settlements were larger than the early Slavic ones, their craftsmen had a considerably higher productivity, and in contrast to the early Slavs, the Scandinavians were capable of seafaring.

During the 18th century, British interest and enthusiasm for Iceland and early Scandinavian culture grew dramatically, expressed in English translations of Old Norse texts, and original poems which extolled the supposed " Viking virtues ".

As early as 1850 Oscar I had conceived the plan of a dynastic union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, but such difficulties presented themselves that the scheme had to be abandoned.

In the early 19th century Finland and the remaining territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost.

Sweyn's father, Harald Bluetooth, was the first of the Scandinavian kings to officially accept Christianity, in the early or mid-960s.

An early attempt to man a government-run Scandinavian whaling fleet was aborted and instead the KGH's Instruction of 1782 banned further attempts to urbanize the Inuit or alter their traditional way of life through improved employment opportunities or sales of luxury items.

The Scandinavian Vikings, or Varangians, also took part in the forming of Russian identity and state in the early Kievan Rus ' period of the late 1st millennium AD.

In the early part of the 12th century, John of Worcester had reason to believe that Eric ( Yrcus ) was of royal Scandinavian stock ( Danica stirpe progenitum, a phrase used earlier for the Hiberno-Norse ruler of Northumbria, Sihtric Cáech ).

Scotland took its present form when it regained territory from the Norse between the 13th and the 15th centuries ; the Western Isles and the Isle of Man remained under Scandinavian authority until 1266.

The Scandinavian Seamen's Union was near 15th Street and Market, just around the corner from the Swedish-American Hall, which remains in the district.

Småland, Öland and Dalsland were already seen as lands belonging to Götaland in ( Scandinavian ) medieval times ( 12th – 15th century ).

When the Civil War broke out, Johnson joined the Scandinavian Regiment ( 15th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment ) and was appointed captain of Company B.

In the 14th century we have Christian Kuchlmaster's continuation of the annals of the famous monastery of St Gall, in the early 15th century the rhymed chronicle of the war between the Appenzellers and the abbot of St Gall, and rather later in the same century the chronicles of Conrad Justinger of Bern and Hans Fründ ( d. 1469 ) of Lucerne, besides the fantastical chronicle of Strattligen and a scarcely less fanciful poem on the supposed Scandinavian descent of the men of Schwyz and of Ober Hasle, both by Eulogius Kiburger ( d. 1506 ) of Berne.

" The 15th Wisconsin was called the Scandinavian Regiment since its soldiers were almost all immigrants from Norway, with some from Denmark and Sweden.