Scholars of the 19th century used chemical means to read palimpsests that were sometimes very destructive, using tincture of gall or later, ammonium bisulfate.

Scholars were concerned chiefly with establishing language families and reconstructing prehistoric proto-languages, using the comparative method and internal reconstruction.

Scholars such as German linguist Johann Gottfried Herder viewed tribes as coherent biological ( racial ) entities, using the term to refer to discrete ethnic groups.

Scholars cannot tell from records whether the writers of the time, when using the term Tonto Apache, were referring to Yavapai or Apache, or those mixed bands.

Scholars often distinguish between the earlier blackletter broadsides, using larger heavy ‘ gothic ’ print, most common up to the middle of the seventeenth century, and lighter whiteletter, roman or italic typefaces, that were easier to read and became common thereafter.

Scholars usually refer to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible as the Pentateuch, a term first used in the Hellenistic Judaism of Alexandria, meaning five books, or as the Law, or Law of Moses.

Scholars have also analyzed the phrase “ I will take you .” Rose associates this term with a mission, change, or protection.

Scholars, however, use it as a technical term regarding legislative control of local appropriations.

Scholars studying the sociology of religion have almost unanimously adopted this term as a neutral alternative to the word cult, which is often considered derogatory.

Scholars and commentators have not agreed on who should be included under the term Melungeon.

Scholars disagree in their definition of the term in relation to the Beothuk, and the parties have differing political agendas.

Scholars making this distinction use the term " acculturation " only to address large-scale cultural transactions.

Scholars from a variety of fields study phenomena that can be described under the umbrella term of CMC ( see also Internet studies ).

Scholars disagree on the appropriateness of the term " Warring States Period " ( which is the Chinese term borrowed by the Japanese in calling this period " sengoku jidai ").

Scholars frequently apply the term to American elections and occasionally to other countries.

Scholars have used the term " Aramaization " for the process by which the Akkadian / Assyro-Babylonian peoples became Aramaic-speaking during the later Iron Age.

Scholars who accept the term clerical fascism nonetheless debate which examples in this list should be dubbed clerical fascist, with the Ustaše being the most widely included.

Scholars sometimes include the two Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, among the poems of the Epic Cycle, but the term is more often used to specify the non-Homeric poems as distinct from the Homeric ones.

Scholars use the term to refer to classical liberalism ; the term also can mean economic liberalism, social liberalism or neoliberalism ; it can simply refer to the politics of the Liberal Democrat party ; it can occasionally have the imported US meaning, including the derogatory usage by conservatives.

Scholars such as Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way argue that terms like " illiberal democracy " are inappropriate for some of these states, because the term implies that these regimes are, at their heart, democracies that have gone wrong.

Scholars such as F. A. Bischoff, Charles Hartman and Martin Boord have shown that the Tibetan literature widely asserts that the Sanskrit for their term phurba is kīlaya ( with or without the long i ).

Scholars have referred to the term as " derisive " and a " handy ideological tool ".

Scholars assume that Sheela-na-Gig is imported from Mesopotamia where the term nu-gug refers to some sort of sacred prostitutes.

Scholars like Sheldon Pollock have used the term Sanskrit Cosmopolis to describe the region, and argued for millennium-long cultural exchanges without necessarily involving migration of peoples or colonisation.

Stretching from 2001 to the present and growing with each new term, the library ranges from introductory surveys of major Hindu themes, texts and traditions ; single lectures on topics like Women in the Mahabharata or Poetry in the Vedas ; discussions with Jewish, Muslim, and Christian Scholars, and seminars on Hindi Cinema.

Scholars generally agree that Plato wrote this dialogue as an older man, having failed in his effort in Syracuse on the island of Sicily to guide a tyrant's rule, instead having been thrown in prison.

The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Leuven was also believed to be the center for a group of Chinese students in Europe conducting industrial espionage, operating under a front organization called The Chinese Students ' and Scholars ' Association of Leuven.

The complex consists of 7 housing areas: Chapel Glen, Gateway Heights, Sage Point, Officer's Circle, Benchmark Plaza, Shoreline Ridge, and the Donna Garff Marriott Honors Residential Scholars Community.

Scholars may disagree on which bodily movements fall under this category, e. g. whether thinking should be analysed as action, and how complex actions involving several steps to be taken and diverse intended consequences are to be summarised or decomposed.

Scholars have often believed that Ammianus ' work was intended for public recitation for two reasons: the overwhelming presence of accentual clausulae, which implies that it was intended to be read aloud ; and epistle 1063 of Libanius to a Marcellinus of Rome which refers to public recitations.

Scholars have mapped at least four major regional variations of spoken American English: Northern, Southern, Midland, and Western.

Scholars have debated whether Athanasius ' list in 367 was the basis for the later lists.

Scholars have proposed that the bridge may have originally represented the Milky Way and have noted parallels between the bridge and another bridge in Norse mythology, Gjallarbrú.

Scholars have speculated about the bilingual literary structure of Daniel-Chapters 2 through 7 in Aramaic, the rest in Hebrew.

Scholars have identified several passages in Jeremiah that can be understood as “ confessions ;” they occur in the first section of the book ( chapters 1-25 ) and are 11. 18-12. 6, 15. 10-21, 17. 14-18, 18. 18-23, and 20. 7-18.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

Scholars accept that Brahui could only have migrated to Balochistan from central India after 1000 AD.

Scholars have interpreted this to mean that Banquo has been dreaming of murdering the king as Macbeth's accomplice in order to take the throne for his own family, as the Three Witches prophesied to him.

Scholars have worked to develop a periodization of Angkorian architectural styles.

Scholars speculate that the total Araucanian population may have numbered 1 million at most when the Spaniards arrived in the 1530s ; a century of European conquest and disease reduced that number by at least half.

Other Scholars, such as Elizabeth Dunn and Julia Elyachar have claimed that neoliberalism requires and creates its own form of governmentality.

Dr. Gartzke, of Columbia University states, " Scholars like Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Richard Cobden, Norman Angell, and Richard Rosecrance have long speculated that free markets have the potential to free states from the looming prospect of recurrent warfare.

Scholars have debated how Christian antisemitism may have played a role in the Nazi Third Reich, World War II and the Holocaust.

Scholars have identified the Assakenoi and Aspasioi clans of Kunar and Swat valleys as a section of the Kambojas.

Scholars like Rudolf E. Kalman and Aleksandr Lyapunov are well-known among the people who have shaped modern control theory.

Scholars have also suggested that the Book of Revelation uses combat myth imagery in its descriptions of cosmic conflict.

Scholars such as J. N. Mohanty, Claire Ortiz Hill, and Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock, among others, have argued that Husserl's so-called change from psychologism to Platonism came about independently of Frege's review.

Scholars such as Fannie Ratchford and Derek Roper have attempted to piece together a Gondal storyline and chronology from these poems.

Scholars have increasingly questioned Paul's authorship and attributed the letter to an early follower instead.

Scholars often have difficulty assessing whether Romans is a letter or an epistle: