Under Seleucid rule ( 330 BC – approximately 150 BC ), however, Aramaic gave way to Greek as the official administrative language.

In the middle of the 2nd century BCE Jericho was under Hellenistic rule of the Seleucid Empire, when the Syrian General Bacchides built a number of forts to strengthen the defences of the area around Jericho against the revolt by the Macabees.

Much of the eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey.

Even so, civil wars could not be prevented, as another Seleucid, Philip II, contested rule with Antiochus.

He was the last ruler of the Seleucid Empire to rule unopposed

** Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule

* Cleopatra Thea succeeds to the rule of the Seleucid Empire on the death of Seleucus V. She appoints Antiochus VIII Grypus as co-ruler.

* Molon, general of the Seleucid king Antiochus III who has rebelled against his rule

The Parthian and Seleucid kings were both happy with a buffer state, and the dynasty of the Arabian Abgarides, technically a vassal of the Parthian " king of kings ", was to rule Osrhoene for centuries.

The internal situation in the Seleucid domains was so convoluted, and Diodotus was so eager to gain allies, that in 143 BC Hasmonean rule was reinstated in Judea in exchange for aid.

Diodotus I Soter () ( c. 285 BC – c. 239 BC ) was Seleucid satrap of Bactria, rebelled against Seleucid rule soon after the death of Antiochus II in c. 255 or 246 BC, and wrested independence for his territory.

Judea was freed from Seleucid rule on the death of Antiochus in 129 BCE.

Seleucid rule over the Jewish parts of the region then resulted in the rise of Hellenistic cultural and religious practices: " In addition to the turmoil of war, there arose in the Jewish nation pro-Seleucid and pro-Ptolemaic parties ; and the schism exercised great influence upon the Judaism of the time.

The Seleucid empire had been disintegrating in the face of the Seleucid – Parthian wars and in 129 BCE Antiochus VII Sidetes was killed in Media by the forces of Phraates II of Parthia, permanently ending Seleucid rule east of the Euphrates.

Pompey, who had just been awarded the title " Conqueror of Asia " due to his decisive victories in Asia Minor over Pontus and the Seleucid Empire, had decided to bring Judea under the rule of the Romans.

Though the Maccabees rebelled against the Seleucids in 164 BCE, Seleucid rule did not end for another 20 years.

Though the site has been inhabited since the second millennium BC, the modern-day city was first founded in the 4th century BC under the rule of the Seleucid empire.

His ancestors and family were contemporaries to the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty and the rule of the Seleucid Empire.

The foundation of Gäwürgala ( Turkmen take from Persian " Gabr Qala " (" Fortress of the Zoroastrians ") occurred in the early Hellenistic era under the rule of the Seleucid king Antiochus I.

It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish religious law, resulting in a Jewish revolt against Seleucid rule.

Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.

Alexander Balas (), ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 150 – 146 BC, was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne.

It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty.

During the Greek period, Seleucid era counting was used.

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded when Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria ( and probably the surrounding provinces ) seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.

Yehud was absorbed into the subsequent Hellenistic kingdoms that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, but in the 2nd century BCE the Judaeans revolted against the Hellenist Seleucid Empire and created the Hasmonean kingdom.

Successively ruled by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Medo-Persian, Seleucid and Parthian empires during the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity, Iraq was

According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.

In 127 BC, out of the ruins of the Seleucid Greek Empire, Characene was founded at the head of the Persian Gulf in borders similar to present day Kuwait.

After Alexander's death the region was absorbed into the Seleucid Empire.

According to the Talmud, after the Seleucid desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough sealed ( and therefore not desecrated ) consecrated olive oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.

It was not until 174 BC that the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who presented himself as the earthly embodiment of Zeus, revived the project and placed the Roman architect Decimus Cossutius in charge.

Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian empires.

The Seleucid Empire (; from, ) was a Greek-Macedonian state that came into existence following the carve up of the empire created by Alexander the Great following his death.

The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture which maintained the preeminence of Greek customs and where a Greek-Macedonian political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas.

Seleucid expansion into Anatolia and Greece was abruptly halted after decisive defeats at the hands of the Roman army.

In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control — Gauls had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west was asserting its independence under the Attalid Dynasty.

With his huge army he was intent upon establishing the Seleucid empire as the foremost power in the Hellenic world but these plans put the empire on a collision course with the new superpower of the Mediterranean, the Roman Republic.

At the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia, Antiochus's forces were resoundingly defeated and he was compelled to make peace and sign the Treaty of Apamea in ( 188 BC ), the main clause of which saw the Seleucids agree to pay a large indemnity, retreat from Anatolia and to never again attempt to expand Seleucid territory west of the Taurus Mountains.

As the king planned on how to conclude the war, he was informed that Roman commissioners, led by the Proconsul Gaius Popillius Laenas, were near and requesting a meeting with the Seleucid king.

Demetrius I attempted to restore Seleucid power in Judea particularly, but was overthrown in 150 BC by Alexander Balas — an impostor who ( with Egyptian backing ) claimed to be the son of Epiphanes.