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The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture which maintained the preeminence of Greek customs and where a Greek-Macedonian political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas.
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Seleucid and Empire
Following his death and the breakup of his empire, Anatolia was ruled by a series of Hellenistic kingdoms, much of it being controlled by the Greek Seleucid Empire.
In the 5th century BCE, it became a province of the Achaemenian Empire and later became part of the Seleucid Empire.
* Cleopatra I Syra ( c. 204 – 176 BC ), princess of the Seleucid Empire and by marriage, queen of Ptolemaic Egypt
One such incident played an important part in the history of the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire.
Judah became the frontier between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt, eventually becoming part of the Seleucid Empire.
In the 2nd century BCE, Antiochus IV Epiphanes ( ruler of the Seleucid Empire ) tried to eradicate Judaism in favour of Hellenistic religion.
Seleucus, a Macedonian officer during Alexander's campaign, declared himself ruler of his own Seleucid Empire, encompassing Persia and Afghanistan.
The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded when Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria ( and probably the surrounding provinces ) seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC.
Yehud was absorbed into the subsequent Hellenistic kingdoms that followed the conquests of Alexander the Great, but in the 2nd century BCE the Judaeans revolted against the Hellenist Seleucid Empire and created the Hasmonean kingdom.
Afghanistan became part of the Seleucid Empire after Alexander died, which formed an alliance with the Indian Maurya Empire.
According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough consecrated oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.
In the middle of the 2nd century BCE Jericho was under Hellenistic rule of the Seleucid Empire, when the Syrian General Bacchides built a number of forts to strengthen the defences of the area around Jericho against the revolt by the Macabees.
Hanukkah marks the defeat of Seleucid Empire forces that had tried to prevent the people of Israel from practicing Judaism.
In 127 BC, out of the ruins of the Seleucid Greek Empire, Characene was founded at the head of the Persian Gulf in borders similar to present day Kuwait.
The region became part of the Seleucid Empire before falling to the Indian Maurya Empire.
After Alexander's death the region was absorbed into the Seleucid Empire.
It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC and, after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire.
The Seleucid Empire (; from, ) was a Greek-Macedonian state that came into existence following the carve up of the empire created by Alexander the Great following his death.
Seleucid and was
Alexander Balas (), ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom in 150 – 146 BC, was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne.
It was one of four dynasties established by Alexander's successors, the others being the Seleucid dynasty, Ptolemaic dynasty and Attalid dynasty.
During the Greek period, Seleucid era counting was used.
Successively ruled by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Medo-Persian, Seleucid and Parthian empires during the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity, Iraq was
According to the Talmud, after the Seleucid desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough sealed ( and therefore not desecrated ) consecrated olive oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day.
It was not until 174 BC that the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who presented himself as the earthly embodiment of Zeus, revived the project and placed the Roman architect Decimus Cossutius in charge.
Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian empires.
Seleucid expansion into Anatolia and Greece was abruptly halted after decisive defeats at the hands of the Roman army.
Much of the eastern part of the empire was conquered by the Parthians under Mithridates I of Parthia in the mid-2nd century BC, yet the Seleucid kings continued to rule a rump state from Syria until the invasion by Armenian king Tigranes the Great and their ultimate overthrow by the Roman general Pompey.
In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control — Gauls had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west was asserting its independence under the Attalid Dynasty.
With his huge army he was intent upon establishing the Seleucid empire as the foremost power in the Hellenic world but these plans put the empire on a collision course with the new superpower of the Mediterranean, the Roman Republic.
At the battles of Thermopylae and Magnesia, Antiochus's forces were resoundingly defeated and he was compelled to make peace and sign the Treaty of Apamea in ( 188 BC ), the main clause of which saw the Seleucids agree to pay a large indemnity, retreat from Anatolia and to never again attempt to expand Seleucid territory west of the Taurus Mountains.
As the king planned on how to conclude the war, he was informed that Roman commissioners, led by the Proconsul Gaius Popillius Laenas, were near and requesting a meeting with the Seleucid king.
Demetrius I attempted to restore Seleucid power in Judea particularly, but was overthrown in 150 BC by Alexander Balas — an impostor who ( with Egyptian backing ) claimed to be the son of Epiphanes.
Seleucid rule was not entirely over, however.
Seleucid and major
The major Hellenistic realms ; the Ptolemaic Kingdom ( dark blue ) and the Seleucid Empire ( yellow ).
The Seleucid king Antiochus wins a major battle over the Gauls leading to his being given the title of Soter ( Greek for " saviour ").
The major Hellenistic realms ; the Ptolemaic kingdom ( dark blue ); the Seleucid empire ( yellow ); Macedon ( green ) and Epirus ( pink ).
Seleucid and center
Roman Laodicea, based on the foundations of the Seleucid grid, was laid out along a vertical axis stretching for 1. 5-2 kilometers from north to south, linking the center of the town with the northern road to Antioch, and forming the cardus maximus ( main commercial street ).
The region was the center of the Hellenistic Seleucid empire, home to the four Greek cities of the Syrian tetrapolis ( Antioch, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea, and Laodicea ).
Seleucid and Hellenistic
The visions describe the national crisis that occurred under Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid king who attempted to introduce Hellenistic religious practices, including the worship of idols, into the temple and the Jewish religion more generally, sparking outrage from Biblical authors.
Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in the Mediterranean, when the Roman Republic established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage, the Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedon, Syracuse, and the Seleucid empire.
The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae ( from, ) was a Greek Macedonian royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator (" the Victor "), which ruled the Seleucid Kingdom centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.
Rome's influence was also felt in the near east, as crumbling Hellenistic states like the Seleucid Empire were forced to make treaties on Roman terms in order to avoid confrontation with the new masters of the western Mediterranean.
This is in the Seleucid era, but it is plausible that the traditional Chaldean astronomical systems had been developed before the Hellenistic period.
* 187 BC – Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia ( b. c. 241 BC )
This status continued into the following Hellenistic period, when Yehud became a disputed province of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria.
Hellenistic cultural and artistic influences appear in many of the forms and human depictions ( from amorini to rings with the depiction of Athena and her name inscribed in Greek ), attributable to the existence of the Seleucid empire and Greco-Bactrian kingdom in the same area until around 140 BC, and the continued existence of the Indo-Greek kingdom in the northwestern Indian sub-continent until the beginning of our era.
* Following the peace of Apamea, Eumenes II receives the provinces of Phrygia, Lydia, Lycia, Pisidia, and Pamphylia from his Roman allies, as the Romans have no desire to actually administer territory in Hellenistic Anatolia but want to see a strong, friendly state in Anatolia as a buffer zone against any possible Seleucid expansion in the future.
* Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia ( b. c. 241 BC )
* Antiochus II Theos, king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom from 261 BC ( d. 246 BC )
Demetrius I ( Greek: Δημήτριος Α `, born 185 BC, reign 161 – 150 BC ), surnamed Soter ( Greek: Σωτήρ-" Savior "), was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.
Seleucus IV Philopator ( Greek: Σέλευκος Δ ' Φιλοπάτωρ ), ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria ( now including Cilicia and Judea ), Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran ( Media and Persia ).
Antiochus I Soter ( Greek: Αντίοχος Α ' Σωτήρ, i. e. Antiochus the Savior, unknown-261 BC ), was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.
Antiochus II Theos ( Greek: Αντίοχος Β ' Θεός, 286 BC – 246 BC ) was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned in 261 BC – 246 BC ).
Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon ( Greek: Σέλευκος Β ' Καλλίνικος, the epithets meaning " beautiful victor " and " bearded ", respectively ), was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC.
After the destruction of the Seleucid Empire, a Hellenistic Armenian state was founded in 190 BC.
* Philip I Philadelphus, ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom
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