In collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem.

Shen Lin and Brian Kernighan first published their method in 1972, and it was the most reliable heuristic for solving travelling salesman problems for nearly two decades.

While employed by the central government, Shen Kuo was also sent out with others to inspect the granary system of the empire, investigating problems of illegal collections, negligence, ineffective disaster relief, and inadequate water-conservancy projects.

In the broad field of mathematics, Shen Kuo mastered many practical mathematical problems, including many complex formulas for geometry, ' packing ' equations for calculus, and chords and arcs problems employing trigonometry.

Shen wrote extensively about what he had learned while working for the state treasury, including mathematical problems posed by computing land tax, estimating requirements, currency issues, metrology, and so forth.

The polymath Chinese scientist, mathematician and official Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) used trigonometric functions to solve mathematical problems of chords and arcs.

If not for Shen Kuo's writing, the inventor of movable type printing, Bi Sheng ( 990-1051 ).

Other writers, including Shen Congwen ( 沈从文 ) and Fei Ming ( 废名 ), balked at the utilitarian role for literature by writing lyrical, almost nostalgic, depictions of the countryside.

Shen Buhai was known for his cryptic writing style.

Xu Shen analytically organized characters in the comprehensive Shuowen Jiezi through their shared graphic components, which Boltz ( 1993: 431 ) calls " a major conceptual innovation in the understanding of the Chinese writing system.

Shen Kuo wrote several other books besides the Dream Pool Essays, yet much of the writing in his other books has not survived.

For example, Shen noted that the mineral orpiment was used to quickly erase writing errors on paper.

The writing of Shen Kuo is the only source for the date when the drydock was first used in China.

Shen also took interest in human anatomy, dispelling the long-held Chinese theory that the throat contained three valves, writing, " When liquid and solid are imbibed together, how can it be that in one's mouth they sort themselves into two throat channels?

Shen, who never asserted that he was the first to experiment with camera obscura, hints in his writing that camera obscura was dealt with in the Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang written by Duan Chengshi ( d. 863 ) during the Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 ), in regards to the inverted image of a Chinese pagoda by a seashore.

However, Zhu Yu's book recounts events back to 1086, when Shen Kuo was writing the Dream Pool Essays ; this meant that in Shen's time the compass might have already been in navigational use.

In any case, Shen Kuo's writing on magnetic compasses has proved invaluable for understanding China's earliest use of the compass for seafaring navigation.

File: Huang Tingjian Fu Bo Shen Ci. jpg | Huang Tingjian writing.

Ted Shen, reviewing the film for the Chicago Reader, also compares the film to Cain's writing and praises the acting, and wrote, " Cast against type, Young manages to be both creepy and sympathetic.

Another historian, Shen Yue, pointed out Emperor Wen was said to model his command on the great general Emperor Guangwu of Han, but he lacked the latter's command abilities.

In 1998, the group released its last album of original material under the NTM moniker, as both Joey Starr and Kool Shen started their own labels, promoting new bands and branching out in other fields such as the clothing industry ( 2High is Kool Shen's brand, Com-8 is Joey Starr's ).

In his book Cultural Flow Between China and the Outside World, Shen Fuwei notes that maritime Chinese merchants in the 9th century were landing regularly at Sufala in East Africa to cut out Arab middle-men traders.

Shen finds out that Chan is an undercover cop when Yeung unexpectedly arrives on the scene.

In August – September 2008 at the Women's World Chess Championship she was knocked out in the second round by compatriot Shen Yang ½-1½.

Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household.

Shen Kuo wrote that during the Xi-Ning reign ( 1068 – 1077 ), the court official Huang Huaixin devised a plan for repairing 60 m ( 200 ft ) long palatial boats that were a century old ; essentially, Huang Huaixin devised the first Chinese drydock for suspending boats out of water.

After Liu found this out, he was forced into rebellion in late 760 ; he had successes against other Tang generals and controlled the lower Yangtze region for several months until he was defeated by another Tang general, Tian Shen ' gong ( 田神功 ).

As Liu Feng was out of the city, the defender Shen Dan surrendered to Wei and shot arrows at Liu Feng's men.

At the funeral, Nariko's body is placed into a boat filled with blossoms, and Kai and Shen cast her out to sea.

He was very slow to move in response to Zhuge Liang's urgings, however, and Zhuge Liang attempted to spur him into action by leaking Meng Da's rebellious intentions to Shen Yi, the administrator of Weixing ( 魏興 ).

Considering that damp and gloomy low places provide suitable conditions for the growth of bamboo, Shen deduced that the climate of Yanzhou must have fit that description in very ancient times.

* 1088 – As written by Shen Kuo in his Dream Pool Essays, the earlier 10th century invention of the pound lock in China allows large ships to travel along canals without laborious hauling, thus allowing smooth travel of government ships holding cargo of up to 700 tan ( 49½ tons ) and large privately owned-ships holding cargo of up to 1600 tan ( 113 tons ).

* Xu Shen, Chinese author of the large Shuowen Jiezi dictionary of etymology ( d. 147 )

The scientist, statesman, and general Shen Kuo ( 1031-1095 AD ) was the author of the Dream Pool Essays ( 1088 ), a large book of scientific literature that included the oldest description of the magnetized compass.

Despite Yao Hong's large advantage in numbers, Shen Tianzi crushed him, forcing him to flee back to his capital Chang ' an.

This space includes Xiao Chang ( small intestine ), Da Chang ( large intestine ), Shen ( Kidneys ), Pang Guang ( Bladder ) and is associated with elimination.

While visiting the Taihang Mountains in 1074, Shen Kuo noticed strata of bivalve shells and ovoid rocks in a horizontal-running span through a cliff like a large belt.

Around the year 1080, Shen Kuo noted that a landslide on the bank of a large river near Yanzhou ( modern Yan ' an ) had revealed an open space several dozens of feet under the ground once the bank collapsed.

Representative works from this section include the operas ( especially kunqu operas ) by Qian Decang ( 錢德蒼 ) in the collection 綴白裘, and the legends written by Shen Qifeng ( 沈起鳳 ) or what are known as 沈氏四種, as well as huge numbers of tanci ( 彈詞 ) ballads.

During the next 10 years, Li acted as editor to several important publishing firms and periodicals, as well as composing the works which he is best known for – The Family ( 1931 ), The Love Trilogy Fog ( 1931 ), Rain ( 1933 ) and Lightning ( 1935 ), the novellas Autumn in Spring and A Dream of the Sea, the short story collection Mengya (“ Germination ”) and prose writings in Fuchou (" Vengeance ") and Shen, Gui, Ren (" Gods, Ghosts and Men ").

Shen Congwen (, December 28, 1902 – May 10, 1988 ) was the pen name of a Miao Chinese writer from the May Fourth Movement.

The Dao De Jing purported to be written by Lao zi states in chapter 42 that " The Dao ( 道 ) gives birth to the One, the One gives birth to the Two ( Taiji ( 太極 ) or Yin and Yang ( 陰陽 )) and the Two gives birth to the Three ( which some interpret to mean Jing 精, Qi 氣 and Shen 神, or sometimes Heaven Tian 天, Earth Di 地 and Man Ren 人 ) and lastly the Three gives birth to the 10, 000 Things ( Wanwu 萬物 ); which is all that exists in heaven and on earth.