Short-and medium-range missiles are often collectively referred to as theater or tactical ballistic missiles ( TBMs ).

* Long Term Disability, replacement benefits for employees who are not able to work, see Work-life balance ( United States ), section Short-and long-term disability

Short-and long-track speed skating also have pursuit races.

Short to intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred in the elderly such as oxazepam and temazepam.

It is a high-potency and an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine, and its uniqueness, advantages, and disadvantages are largely explained by its pharmacokinetic properties ( poor water and lipid solubility, high protein binding and anoxidative metabolism to a pharmacologically inactive glucuronide form ) and by its high relative potency ( lorazepam 1-2 mg is equal in effect to diazepam 10 to 20 mg ).

* Lente insulin – A type of insulin that is intermediate-acting, between NPH insulin and ultra-lente insulin.

* NPH insulin – A type of insulin that is intermediate-acting.

Lorazepam ( initially marketed under the brand names Ativan and Temesta ) is a high-potency, short-to intermediate-acting, 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all six intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative / hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant.

Estazolam is an intermediate-acting oral benzodiazepine.

Other medications that are not usually called antidepressants, including antipsychotics in low doses and benzodiazepines, may be used to manage depression, although the use of benzodiazepines can cause a physical dependence.

Today, " minor tranquilizer " can refer to anxiolytic and / or hypnotic drugs such as the benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepines which have some antipsychotic properties and are recommended for concurrent use with antipsychotics, and are useful for insomnia or drug-induced psychosis.

Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid ( GABA-A ), resulting in sedative, hypnotic ( sleep-inducing ), anxiolytic ( anti-anxiety ), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties ; also seen in the applied pharmacology of high doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines are amnesic-dissociative actions.

In general, benzodiazepines are safe and effective in the short term, although cognitive impairments and paradoxical effects such as aggression or behavioral disinhibition occasionally occur.

Long-term use is controversial due to concerns about adverse psychological and physical effects, increased questioning of effectiveness and because benzodiazepines are prone to cause tolerance, physical dependence, and, upon cessation of use after long term use, a withdrawal syndrome.

In addition, all benzodiazepines are listed in Beer's List, which is significant in clinical practice.

Moreover, in geriatric medicine, if benzodiazepines are necessary, those with short half-lives ( e. g. lorazepam & oxazepam ) are preferred, as they do not require hepatic oxidation.

In general, benzodiazepines are well-tolerated and are safe and effective drugs in the short term for a wide range of conditions.

Due to their effectiveness, tolerability, and rapid onset of anxiolytic action, benzodiazepines are frequently used for the treatment of anxiety associated with panic disorder.

The views range from those that hold that benzodiazepines are not effective long-term and that they should be reserved for treatment-resistant cases to that they are as effective in the long term as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

The American Psychiatric Association ( APA ) guidelines note that, in general, benzodiazepines are well tolerated, and their use for the initial treatment for panic disorder is strongly supported by numerous controlled trials.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are likely to be the best choice of pharmacotherapy for many patients with panic disorder, but benzodiazepines are also often used, and some studies suggest that these medications are still used with greater frequency than the SSRIs.

Nevertheless, benzodiazepines continue to be prescribed for the long-term treatment of anxiety disorders, although specific antidepressants and psychological therapies are recommended as the first-line treatment options with the anticonvulsant drug pregabalin indicated as a second-or third-line treatment and suitable for long-term use.

Although they are second-line agents, benzodiazepines can be used for a limited time to relieve severe anxiety and agitation.

Long-term trials have shown continued effectiveness without the development of tolerance, and, in addition, unlike benzodiazepines, it does not disrupt sleep architecture and produces less severe cognitive and psychomotor impairment ; it also has a low potential for abuse and dependence and may be preferred over the benzodiazepines for these reasons.

One advantage of benzodiazepines is that they alleviate the anxiety symptoms much faster than antidepressants, and therefore may be preferred in patients for whom rapid symptom control is critical.

It is preferred that benzodiazepines be taken intermittently and at the lowest effective dose.

Long-term trials have shown continued effectiveness without the development of tolerance and additionally unlike benzodiazepines it does not disrupt sleep architecture and produces less severe cognitive and psychomotor impairment ; it also has a low potential for abuse and dependence and may be preferred over the benzodiazepines for these reasons.

When benzodiazepines are used to induce general anesthesia, midazolam is preferred.

Long-term trials have shown continued effectiveness without the development of tolerance and additionally unlike benzodiazepines it does not disrupt sleep architecture and produces less severe cognitive and psychomotor impairment ; it also has a low potential for abuse and dependence and may be preferred over the benzodiazepines for these reasons.

Many experts consider these drugs obsolete for treating anxiety but valuable for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia, though only after benzodiazepines or non-benzodiazepines have failed.

These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures.

However, there is disagreement among expert bodies regarding the long-term use of benzodiazepines for panic disorder.

APA does not recommend benzodiazepines for persons with depressive symptoms or a recent history of substance abuse.

Although major concerns about benzodiazepine tolerance and withdrawal have been raised, there is no evidence for significant dose escalation in patients using benzodiazepines long-term.

It has been shown to be less effective than benzodiazepines in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, while producing less side-effects.

The choice of treatment between benzodiazepines, SSRIs, serotonin – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and psychotherapy should be based on the patient's history, preference, and other individual characteristics.

Likewise, Canadian Psychiatric Association ( CPA ) recommends benzodiazepines alprazolam, bromazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam only as a second-line choice, if the treatment with two different antidepressants was unsuccessful.

However, in some cases, a prolonged treatment with benzodiazepines as the add-on to an antidepressant may be justified.

The list of benzodiazepines approved for the treatment of insomnia is fairly similar among most countries, but which benzodiazepines are officially designated as first-line hypnotics prescribed for the treatment of insomnia can vary distinctly between countries.

* Antipsychotics are generally a first-line treatment for delirium ; however, when delirium is caused by alcohol or sedative hypnotic withdrawal, benzodiazepines are a first-line treatment.

Discontinuation of benzodiazepines or abrupt reduction of the dose, even after a relatively short course of treatment ( three to four weeks ), may result in two groups of symptoms — rebound and withdrawal.

There are a variety of treatments available ; benzodiazepines are a first-line treatment strategy.

The effectiveness of pharmacological agents, such as benzodiazepines, anti-convulsants, anti-depressants, antipsychotic and antihypertensive medications, and dopamine antagonists in the treatment of stuttering has been evaluated in studies involving both adults and children.

As with benzodiazepines, the use of antidepressants in the treatment of insomnia can lead to withdrawal effects ; withdrawal may induce rebound insomnia.

Cyproheptadine may be superior to benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia because cyproheptadine enhances sleep quality and quantity, whereas benzodiazepines tend to decrease sleep quality.