Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870.

Since 1723 ( but especially after 1870 ) Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world.

Since the unification of Italy in 1870 and the end of monarchy in Germany in 1918, there have no longer been any reigning dukes in Europe ; Luxembourg is ruled by a grand duke, a higher title, just below king.

Since 1870, the Governor has resided in the Government House, a Georgian mansion adjacent to the Maryland State House.

Since 1870, the City of Florala, through Florala ’ s Fidelity Masonic Lodge # 685, ( beginning with Chapel Hill and Lake City Lodge # 377 ), and Chapter # 441 of the Order of the Eastern Star, has served as the home of the World ’ s Oldest Consecutive Annual Masonic Day Celebration.

Since 1870, Scottsville has been the victim of twenty-one floods ( defined as water levels of twenty feet or more above the average low water level ).

Forces of Labor: Workers ' Movements and Globalization Since 1870.

Since 1870, the Church has designated St Patrick's as the National Cathedral for the whole island, drawing chapter members from each of the twelve dioceses of the Church of Ireland.

Since 1870 the glamorous white-walled Hotel du Cap on the French Riviera has been one of the most storied and luxurious resorts in the world.

Since 1870, Zmaj has pursued his profession as a physician.

Since Block Island has no natural harbors, breakwaters were constructed to form Old Harbor in 1870.

Since 1870 they have been prefixed with an abbreviation of ' command ' which has changed over time to allow for new sequences.

Since then various names were adopted for the school, such as " École royale militaire " ( 1814 – 1830 ), Collège royal militaire ( 1831 – 1848 ), Collège national militaire ( 1848 – 1853 ), Prytanée impérial militaire ( 1853 – 1870 ), Prytanée militaire and Prytanée national militaire ( since 1870 ).

Since the end of the 1870 Franco-Prussian War the town was no longer considered important strategically and military installations were not developed.

Since no one who served in the 1870 convention writing the current constitution was still alive by this point, many things had to be decided, such as what rules the convention would function under temporarily until its was organized and adopted its own permanent rules, how a chair was to be elected, and other administrative matters.

Since the government had announced plans to terminate Freedmen's bureau operations in Kentucky, Runkle and his caretaker staff presided over bureau school closings and the dispersal of the remaining funds, which were completed in the summer of 1870, although the veterans ' claim offices remained open through June 1872.

Since 1786 the territory was officially called the Don Host Lands (), renamed Don Host Province in 1870.

Since it was founded in 1870, the Port Adelaide Football Club, in its various forms, has won a record 36 SANFL premierships and finished as runner-up in the SANFL grand final 35 times, finishing runners-up in the AFL Grand Final and winning their first AFL Grand Final in 2004, making it the most successful football club in the AFL.

" pp. 482 – 497 in The Economic Development of Germany Since 1870.

Since the French Revolution, the building has been the scene of a number of historical events, notably the proclamation of the French Third Republic in 1870 and the famous speech by Charles de Gaulle on 25 August 1944 during the Liberation of Paris when he greeted the crowd from a front window.

Since annexing ( rather than incorporating ) the banlieues of major French cities during the Second Empire period ( Lyon in 1852, Lille in 1858, Paris in 1860, Bordeaux in 1865 ), the French communities have in effect extended their boundaries very little beyond their delimitations, and have not followed the development of the urban unit existing prior to 1870 as well as almost all large and mid-sized cities in France having a banlieue develop a Couronne pėriurbaine ( in English: near-urban ring ).

* The Emergence of Industrial America: Strategic Factors in American Economic Growth Since 1870 ( Albany: State University of New York Press, 1982 ) ISBN 0-87395-578-1 ( hard cover ), ISBN 0-87395-579-X ( paperback )

Since 1870, Kappa has continued to expand and has chartered 160 chapters, 138 of which are active today.

Since then he had worked at this and that, though some said his main interest was gambling.

Since World War II, main battle tanks have largely replaced gun-armed tank destroyers although lightly armored anti tank guided missile ( ATGM ) carriers are commonly used for supplementary long-range anti-tank work.

Since World War II, main battle tanks have largely replaced gun-armed tank destroyers although lightly armored anti tank guided missile ( ATGM ) carriers are commonly used for supplementary long-range anti-tank work.

The former main altar of the hermitage church in Warfhuizen in the Netherlands with a mural of Anthony the Abbot and a reliquary with some of his relic s. Since then they have been moved to a new golden shrine on a side-altar especially made for them.

Since Tuesday, 26 May 2009, those bulletins have been broadcast from TC7 and N6 in Television Centre, the main studios of BBC Breakfast and the BBC News Channel respectively.

Since December 2007, the main regular presenters on the channel have been Simon McCoy, Carrie Gracie, Matthew Amroliwala, Jane Hill, Jon Sopel, Emily Maitlis, Louise Minchin, Huw Edwards, Ben Brown, Joanna Gosling and Chris Eakin.

Since polyphonic texture was no longer the main focus of music ( excluding the development section ) but rather a single melodic line with accompaniment, there was greater emphasis on notating that line for dynamics and phrasing.

Since the 1880s, Cheddar's other main produce has been the strawberry,

Since the reunions in the UK and Australia in 1957, two generations of Christadelphians have grown up with little awareness of the existence of the minority " fellowships ", or awareness that the main group is called " Central " by the minority groups.

" Since 1801, the home of the Commandant has been located in the Marine Barracks in Washington, D. C. and his main offices are in Arlington, Virginia.

Since the Somalis were one main ethnic group, they could only elect a single candidate and the two main fractions of that tribe in Djibouti, the Issa and the Gadabuursi each strove to win.

Since then, the main characters ’ ages and career developments have tracked that of standard media portrayals of baby boomers, with jobs in advertising, law enforcement, and the dot-com boom.

Since then, nature and man have closed all but two main outlets: the east branch, Damietta ( also seen as Dumyat ; 240 km long ), and the west branch, Rosetta ( 235 km long ).

Since November 2008, a regular ferry service has linked the two main islands, carrying cars, passengers and cargo.

Since it is immiscible with water, the main constituent of biological tissue, water must first be removed in the process of dehydration.

Since the main sensory organs are anatomically located on the head, long hair provides the necessary warmth and protection in a cold climate that allows the use of these organs by exposing them to the elements to " sense ", in for example a hunt, yet still providing necessary warmth and protection to sustain prolonged exposure.

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, the main waves of migration came from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe ( especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland ).

Since the rise of karaoke around the world, karaoke contests have been a phenomenon that has entered main stream culture.

Since the earliest samurai government in Japan, during the Kamakura period ( 1185 – 1333 ), sword fighting, together with horse riding and archery, were the main martial pursuits of the military clans.

Since there are no inflows that link the lake to other large waterways and the main outflow, the Blue Nile, is obstructed by the Blue Nile Falls, the lake supports a highly distinctive fish fauna, which generally is related to species from the Nile Basin.

Since 2001, trim levels are also indicated by including a number after the main index: '- 00 ' means base trim level, '- 01 ' means standard trim and '- 02 ' designates deluxe version ; for example, VAZ-21121-02 means Lada 112 hatchback with an 1. 6L SOHC engine and deluxe trim.

Buddhist ( and Hindu ) temples were Mandala shaped, they are oriented according to the four cardinal points, the main gate being towards the east. Since building space and materials were scarce, Maldivians constructed their places of worship on the foundations of previous buildings.

Since the gradient coils are within the bore of the scanner, there are large forces between them and the main field coils, producing most of the noise that is heard during operation.

Since his debut in 1992, Muralitharan has taken 800 Test wickets and over 500 One Day International wickets, becoming the first player to take 1, 000 wickets combined in the two main forms of international cricket.