Since broadcast frequencies are very limited in number, these objectives are to some extent inconsistent in that not all of them can be fully realized, and to the extent that each is realized, there is a corresponding reduction of the possibilities for fullest achievement of the others.

Since the railroad cannot reduce the salary of individual union members under contract, it must accomplish its payroll reduction by placing some of the men on furlough, a B. & O. spokesman said.

Since 1996 estimates, there has been a significant reduction in the total length of unpaved highway in Botswana-between 1996 and 1999 total length of unpaved highway fell from 14, 139 km to 4, 597 km.

Since then Calvin and Hobbes creator Bill Watterson has written extensively on the issue, arguing that size reduction and dropped panels reduce both the potential and freedom of a cartoonist.

Since then, there have been alternating trends towards the abolition or substantial reduction of involuntary commitment, a trend known as " deinstitutionalization.

Since the vocoder process sends only the parameters of the vocal model over the communication link, instead of a point by point recreation of the waveform, it allows a significant reduction in the bandwidth required to transmit speech.

* Since NP-complete problems transform to each other by polynomial-time many-one reduction ( also called polynomial transformation ), all NP-complete problems can be solved in polynomial time by a reduction to H, thus all problems in NP reduce to H ; note, however, that this involves combining two different transformations: from NP-complete decision problems to NP-complete problem L by polynomial transformation, and from L to H by polynomial Turing reduction ;

Since 1997 it has received cuts in its grant-in-aid settlement, resulting in a real terms reduction of £ 130m.

Since the grid plan is non-hierarchical and intersections are frequent, all streets can be subject to this potential reduction of average speeds, leading to a high production of pollutants.

Since many size reduction and separation processes involve the use of water, solid-liquid separation processes are also a subject of mineral processing.

Since then, over 500 studies have been done on prejudice reduction under variations of the contact hypothesis, and a meta-analytic review suggests overall support for its efficacy.

Since Trevithick's time, it had long been common practice to turn the exhaust steam from the cylinders into the chimney using " eductor pipes " for convenience and noise reduction, and its effect on the fire certainly had been noticed.

Since boosting is required to attain full design yield, any reduction in boosting reduces yield.

Since 2007 there has been a significant reduction in passenger traffic with 1. 3 million passengers passing through the airport in 2011, a 22 % annual reduction.

Since the known ciliate mitochondrial genomes are considerably larger this reduction is genome size must have occurred after their ancestor of this clade diverged from that that gave rise to the extant ciliates.

Since habitat fragmentation is the subdivision of a large area of habitat into smaller isolated patches, fragmentation is thought to have severe effects on the genetic structure of populations through population bottlenecks followed by erosion of genetic diversity, which results in fitness reduction and the inability of a population to respond to environmental changes.

Since the nineteenth century, grazing and an increased incidence of fire resulted in a reduction in range condition, and extensive damage to bog communities, from which plant communities have been slow to recover.

But the most significant refusal in recent times has been that of the U. S. Since 1985 the U. S. Congress has refused to authorize payment of the U. S. dues, in order to force UN compliance with U. S. wishes, as well as a reduction in the U. S. assessment.

Since rocket delta-v has a non linear relationship to mass fraction due to the rocket equation, any small reduction in delta-v gives a relatively large reduction in the required mass fraction ; and starting a mission at higher altitude also helps.

Since plants are the primary food source for animals, the reduction of one of the primary pollination agents, or even their possible disappearance, has raised concern, and the conservation of pollinators has become part of biodiversity conservation efforts.

* Since Big Brother 2, the UK series always opens with a twist which have included the public being able to choose the final housemate out of three possibilities ( Big Brother 2 ), the public voting for a housemate to leave during the first week and then the housemates choosing between the two housemates with the least number of votes ( Big Brother 3 ), First Night Nominations ( Big Brother 4 ), Suitcase Nominations ( Big Brother 5 ), Unlucky Housemate 13 ( Big Brother 6 ), Big Brother Hood ( Big Brother 7 ), an all-female House and the first inclusion of twins as contestants ( Big Brother 8 ), the first couple to enter as housemates and set a secret task to hide their real relationship ( Big Brother 9 ), all " housemates " really being " non-housemates " who had to earn their housemate status ( Big Brother 10 ), a mole entering the House with an " Impossible Task " ( Big Brother 11 ), Jackie Stallone entering a house containing her son's ex-wife ( Celebrity Big Brother 3 ), the entrance of a non-celebrity in a celebrity edition ( Celebrity Big Brother 4 ) and Jade Goody's family announced to be visiting.

Since then, the tariff is calculated by a formula based on various factors such as the number of twist and somersaults, the height, the group etc., and divers are free to submit new combinations.

Since the rotors can be configured to be more efficient for propulsion ( e. g. with root-tip twist ) and it avoids a helicopter's issues of retreating blade stall, the tiltrotor can achieve higher speeds than helicopters.

Since then this twist has become very common among Survivor versions around the world.

Since a wing can have twist, a chord line of the whole wing may not be definable, so an alternate reference line is simply defined.

Since the torsion bar is relatively thin and flexible, and the bottom end usually resists being rotated, the bar will twist by an amount proportional to the applied torque.

Since marginal costs rise when the wage rate rises, the profit-maximizing price also rises when the public-limit price is elevated, and is likely to remain well above the latter.

Since then, there have been many refinements to increase the field of view, mass and position resolution, and data acquisition rate of the instrument.

Since independence, Botswana has had the highest average economic growth rate in the world, averaging about 9 % per year from 1966 to 1999.

Since 1991, Croatia's death rate has continuously exceeded its birth rate ; the natural growth rate of the population is currently negative.

Since then, consistent liberalization and astute economic management has led to the removal of 95 % of all price controls, low unemployment, a positive balance of payments position, a stable exchange rate, a shift of exports from former communist economic bloc markets to Western Europe, and relatively low foreign debt.

Since that time, the rate of crater production on Earth has been considerably lower, but it is appreciable nonetheless ; Earth experiences from one to three impacts large enough to produce a 20 km diameter crater about once every million years on average.

Since the Earth could be expected to have roughly the same cratering rate as the Moon, it became clear that the Earth had suffered far more impacts than could be seen by counting evident craters.

Since the design of such high-end chips nominally takes about five years to complete, to stay competitive a company has to fund at least two of these large design teams to release products at the rate of 2. 5 years per product generation.

Since petroleum is so important to industrialised economies, a large increase in its price can lead to the increase in the price of most products, raising the inflation rate.

Since 1993, the Eritrean People ’ s Liberation Front army has been involved in tree planting ; the annual average rate of deforestation during 1990 – 2000 was 0. 3 percent.

Since life began on Earth, several major mass extinctions have significantly exceeded the background extinction rate.

Since the rate of clocks and the gravitational potential have the same derivative, they are the same up to a constant.

Since the Hubble sequence is entirely based upon visual morphological type, it may miss certain important characteristics of galaxies such as star formation rate ( in starburst galaxies ) and activity in the core ( in active galaxies ).

Since 1995, Hungary has pegged the forint against a basket of currencies ( in which the U. S. dollar is 30 %), and the central rate against the basket is devalued at a preannounced rate, originally set at 0. 8 % per month, the Forint is now an entirely free-floating currency.

Since the basal insulin is provided as a rapid-acting insulin, the basal insulin can be immediately increased or decreased as needed with a temporary basal rate.

Since Marx believed that surplus value appropriated from labour is the source of profits, he concluded that the rate of profit would fall even as the economy grew.

Since the pulse energy is equal to the average power divided by the repetition rate, this goal can sometimes be satisfied by lowering the rate of pulses so that more energy can be built up in between pulses.

Since there are 24 hours in a day and 360 degrees in a circle, the sun moves across the sky at a rate of 15 degrees per hour ( 360 °/ 24 hours = 15 ° per hour ).

Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, unionisation in many eastern European states has collapsed at an even more dramatic rate.

Since activated LCD pixels do not flash on / off between frames, LCD monitors exhibit no refresh-induced flicker, no matter how low the refresh rate.

Since the CFCs themselves are equally powerful greenhouse gases, the mere substitution of HFCs for CFCs does not significantly increase the rate of anthropogenic global warming, but over time a steady increase in their use could increase the danger that human activity will change the climate.