Since diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of any bulk material, layering diamond onto high heat producing electronics ( such as optics and transistors ) allows the diamond to be used as a heat sink.

Since the heat source that supplies thermal energy to the engine can thus be powered by virtually any kind of energy, heat engines are very versatile and have a wide range of applicability.

Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis.

Since growth is controlled by heat diffusion, anisotropy in thermal conductivity favors growth in specific directions, which has also an effect on the final shape.

Since neodymium coloration depends upon " forbidden " f-f transitions deep within the atom, there is relatively little influence on the color from the chemical environment, so the color is impervious to the thermal history of the glass.

Since all atoms vibrate proportionally to their absolute temperature, a thermal neutron has the best opportunity to fission U-235 when it is moving at this same vibrational speed.

Since natural promethium is exceedingly scarce, the element is typically synthesized by bombarding uranium-235 ( enriched uranium ) with thermal neutrons ( for promethium-147 ).

Since this element's thermal expansion is similar to borosilicate glass, it is used for making glass-to-metal seals.

Since the equipartition theorem worked so well in describing the vibrational modes of the thermal object itself, it was trivial to assume that it would perform equally well in describing the radiative emission of such objects.

Since the power flow in a DC link is controlled independently of the phases of the AC networks at either end of the link, this stability limit does not apply to a DC line, and it can transfer its full thermal rating.

Since they are indistinguishable, the contributions of all noise sources can be lumped together and regarded as a level of thermal noise.

Since the most important source of thermal energy is from the Sun, the ratio of glazing to thermal mass is an important factor to consider.

Since lasers and intense pulsed light sources cause thermal damage to the skin, there are concerns that laser or intense pulsed light treatments for acne will induce hyperpigmented macules ( spots ) or cause long-term dryness of the skin.

Since the thermal head doesn't have to sweep back and forth over the print media, there are fewer moving parts that can break down.

Since 1985, the U. S. military has been testing serial hybrid Humvees and have found them to deliver faster acceleration, a stealth mode with low thermal signature / near silent operation, and greater fuel economy.

Since 2000, export vehicles have been offered with thermal imaging night-vision gear of French manufacture as well ( though it may be more likely that they might simply use the locally manufactured ' Buran-Catherine ' system, which incorporates a French thermal imager ).

Since the system is in thermal equilibrium with the heat bath in the initial and the final states, T is also the temperature of the system in these states.

Since vibrational energy is generally much greater than the thermal agitation, it is rapidly dispersed into the solvent through solvent molecules ' rotation and translation.

Since then, thermal anomalies ( hot spots ) and gas emissions ( including hydrogen sulfide ) have occurred especially on the summit plateau.

Since a disk drive is a physical piece of hardware, the rotational speed of the drive can change slightly, due to a change in the motor speed or thermal expansion of the disk platter.

Since at equilibrium forward and backward rates are equal:

Since this gas is in approximate hydrostatic equilibrium with the overall cluster gravitational field, the total mass distribution can be determined.

Since uplift and erosion are more or less in equilibrium in the Himalaya, rapid uplift is balanced by annual increments of cubic kilometers of sediments washing down from the mountains, then on the plains settling out of suspension on vast alluvial fans or inland deltas over which rivers meander and change course at least every few decades, causing some experts to question whether manmade embankments can contain the problem of flooding.

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since some of the outward drift is compensated by an inward drift on the same flux surface, there is a macroscopic equilibrium with much improved confinement.

Since the floating hydrometer is in static equilibrium, the downward gravitational force acting upon it must exactly balance the upward buoyancy force.

Since the development of the Nash equilibrium concept, game theorists have discovered that it makes misleading predictions ( or fails to make a unique prediction ) in certain circumstances.

Since macroeconomic behavior is derived from the interaction of the decisions of all these players, acting over time, in the face of uncertainty about future conditions, these models are classified as dynamic stochastic general equilibrium ( DSGE ) models.

Since the MacSharry reforms, cereal prices have been closer to the equilibrium level, there is greater transparency in costs of agricultural support and the ' de-coupling ' of income support from production support has begun.

Since interactions are neglected by definition, the problem of treating the equilibrium properties and dynamics of an ideal Fermi gas reduces to the study of the behavior of single independent particles.

Since the concentrations do not change thereafter, they are, by definition, equilibrium concentrations.

Since chemical processes ( the attainment of equilibrium ) accelerate at higher temperature, martensite is easily destroyed by the application of heat.

Since heat tends to spread through a solid until the body reaches an equilibrium state of constant temperature, Ricci flow may be hoped to produce an equilibrium geometry for a manifold for which the Ricci curvature is constant.

Since at equilibrium the affinities and reaction rates for forward and backward reactions are equal, it follows that

Since atoms in solids always try to find an equilibrium position, and distance between other atoms, forces arise throughout the entire material which oppose both tension or compression.

Since any inefficient allocation leaves unexploited contractual opportunities, the allocation cannot be a contractual equilibrium.

Since formaldehyde exists predominantly in solution as a dynamic equilibrium of methylene glycol oligomers, the concentration of the reactive form of formaldehyde depends on temperature and pH.

Since the kinetic energy is quadratic in the components of the velocity, by equipartition these three components each contribute k < sub > B </ sub > T to the average kinetic energy in thermal equilibrium.

Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting .< ref name = Musadi2011 > Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.

Since the current passing through the balance when equilibrium is obtained with a given weight is proportional to the square root of the couple due to this weight, it follows that the current strength when equilibrium is obtained is proportional to the product of the square root of the weight used and the square root and the displacement distance of this weight from its zero position.

Since the recognition of Israel as a nation state, claims are made in many cases which identify the claimant as a member of the new body politic.

Since that time the demands of the citizens for new and expanded services have placed financial burdens on the state which could not have been foreseen in earlier years.

Since accurate base maps are necessary for any planning program, the first step taken by the planning division to implement the long-range state plan has been to prepare two series of base maps -- one at a scale of 1 inch to a mile, and the second a series of 26 sheets at a scale of 1 inch to 2000 feet, covering the entire state.

Since by the principle of optimality the remaining stages use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to Af, we may enter section Af of the table at this state Af and read off the optimal policy for stage Af and the resulting state Af.

Since the adoption of a new constitution, early in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

Since early 2008, Armenia's entire rail network is managed by the Russian state railway.

Since 2007, the Kelheim Berufsschule has had a campus in Abensberg, and outside the state sector is the St. Francis Vocational Training Centre, run by a Catholic youth organisation.

Since the English Reformation, the Church of England has been more explicitly a state church and the choice is legally that of the British crown ; today it is made in the name of the Sovereign by the Prime Minister, from a shortlist of two selected by an ad hoc committee called the Crown Nominations Commission.

Since the law changed in 2004, off-premises sales are now allowed anywhere in the state, with local approval, after noon.

Since these are a basis, any quantum state of the particle can be expressed as a linear combination ( i. e., quantum superposition ) of these two states:

Since the Church of England is a state church, a further step, sending the proposed revision to Parliament in the form of a " Deposited Book ", was required.

Since the award criteria state that the Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to " any person ... while serving in any capacity in or with " the U. S. Armed Forces, awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the United States are permitted.

Since early 1989 the government recognizes both Israel and the Palestinian state.

Since electrons are fermions, no two electrons can be in the same state, so not all electrons can be in the minimum-energy level.

Since becoming an institution of the state, aside from official commitment to communism and Marxism-Leninism, the party also has de facto unrecognized factions including consumerist and neoliberal figures including business people on the right who effectively support capitalism, as well as factions on the left that oppose the right in the party, and other factions.

Since the July 2006 elections, the country is led by a semi-presidential, strongly-decentralized state.

Since the nominal values of these new issues were lower than their intrinsic worth as metals, the state was minting these coins at a loss.

Since there was no longer the countervailing power of the papacy and since the Church of England was a creature of the state and had become subservient to it, this meant that there was nothing to regulate the powers of the king, and he became an absolute power.

Since that time, solid state devices have all but completely taken over.

Since 1998, it also has a tax number assigned by the state of New Jersey.

Since the latter is valid over the entire cycle, this gave Clausius the hint that at each stage of the cycle, work and heat would not be equal, but rather their difference would be a state function that would vanish upon completion of the cycle.

Since 1809, the Grand Duchy had benefited from a customs organization, an independent domestic state budget, its own currency ( Finnish markka, since 1860 ) and the industrial progress during 1860 – 1916.

Since the 2008 Guinean coup d ' état, the head of state has been Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, an army officer and President of the National Council for Democracy and Development.