Since a lossless dipole antenna has a gain of 2. 15 dBi, the relation between these units is: gain in dBd = gain in dBi-2. 15 dB.

Since the antenna is specified as being lossless the radiation efficiency is 1.

Since FLAC is a lossless scheme, it is suitable as an archive format for owners of CDs and other media who wish to preserve their audio collections.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

Since then, there have been many refinements to increase the field of view, mass and position resolution, and data acquisition rate of the instrument.

Since database structures are complex, in most cases, and especially for not-very-simple queries, the needed data for a query can be collected from a database by accessing it in different ways, through different data-structures, and in different orders.

Since database structures are complex, in most cases, and especially for not-very-simple queries, the needed data for a query can be collected from a database by accessing it in different ways, through different data-structures, and in different orders.

Since the overwhelming majority of scientists accept the modern evolutionary synthesis as the best explanation of current data, the term is seldom used in the scientific community ; to say someone is a scientist implies acceptance of evolutionary views, unless specifically noted otherwise.

Since about 93 % of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.

Since about year 2000, with the power of computers to crunch vast quantities of data, a new career has been invented.

Since the data goes through the computer, people tend to believe it:

Since its inception it has broadened to find applications in many other areas, including statistical inference, natural language processing, cryptography, neurobiology, the evolution and function of molecular codes, model selection in ecology, thermal physics, quantum computing, plagiarism detection and other forms of data analysis.

Since " information " in electronic media is often used synonymously with " data ", the term information explosion is closely related to the concept of data flood also dubbed data deluge.

* interface to personal computers: Since the late 1990s, most pumps can interface with personal computers for managing and documenting pump programming and / or to upload data from the pump.

Since the inception of the theories, various studies have expanded the range of possible cycles, finding longer or shorter cycles in the data.

Since RFC 2822, conforming message header names and values should be ASCII characters ; values that contain non-ASCII data should use the MIME encoded-word syntax ( RFC 2047 ) instead of a literal string.

Since processors are built to interpret and process digital data, i. e. 1s and 0s, they are not able to do anything with the analog signals that may be sent to it by a device.

Since no accurate data were recorded, it is only possible to give estimates on the size and population of these nesting areas.

Since there is no correlation between a peer and the content managed by it, there is no guarantee that flooding will find a peer that has the desired data.

Since these used Socket 2 / 3, some modifications had to be made to compensate for the 32-bit data bus and slower on-board L2 cache of 486-motherboards.

Since transmit data and receive data are separate circuits, the interface can operate in a full duplex manner, supporting concurrent data flow in both directions.

Since it only depends on two of the observations, it is most useful in representing the dispersion of small data sets.

Since throughput is normally defined in terms of quantified digital data, the term ' throughput ' is not normally used ; the term ' bandwidth ' is more often used instead.

Since the compression ratio is the ratio between dynamic and static volumes of the combustion chamber the Atkinson cycle's method of increasing the length of the powerstroke compared to the intake stroke ultimately altered the compression ratio at different stages of the cycle.

Since the late 1990s, bzip2, a file compression utility based on a block-sorting algorithm, has gained some popularity as a gzip replacement.

Since plasma compression brings the ions closer together, the process has the additional benefit of facilitating attainment of the required density for a fusion reactor.

Since 1 dB = 20 log < sub > 10 </ sub > 1. 122, we may say, in a voltage sense, that the 1dB compression point occurs when

Since the concrete is always under compression, it is less subject to cracking and failure.

Since the development of the original JPEG standard in the early 1990s, technology improvements have made interframe compression possible.

Since the early nineties it has been known that holding the tiles under constant compression by their matrix greatly improves their resistance to kinetic penetrators, which is difficult to achieve when using glues.

Since Xvid uses MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile ( ASP ) compression, any video that is encoded with it is termed " MPEG-4 ASP video " – not " Xvid video " – and can therefore be decoded with all MPEG-4 ASP compliant decoders.

Since a V. 92 hardware modem performs V. 44 compression internally, the speed of a serial port can limit a hardware modem's overall speed ; this is not an issue for softmodems since the host PC performs V. 44 compression and emulates the serial port.

Since digital encoding and compression schemes were either unavailable or impractical in 1978, three encoding formats based on the rotation speed were used:

Since ICER provides a facility for automated flexibility in choosing the number of segments, compression effectiveness can be traded against packet loss protection, thereby accommodating different channel error rates.

Since the early 2000s, it has become increasingly common for acoustic amplifiers to be provided with a range of digital effects, such as reverb and compression.

Since the early 2000s, it has become increasingly common for acoustic amplifiers to be provided with a range of digital effects, such as reverb and compression.

Since atoms in solids always try to find an equilibrium position, and distance between other atoms, forces arise throughout the entire material which oppose both tension or compression.

Since compression generates heat, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression less adiabatic and more isothermal.

Note: Since front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Note: Since back rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.

Note: Since front rounded vowels are assumed to have compression, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have protrusion.

Since ethanol has a higher octane rating, the engine can be made more efficient by raising its compression ratio.

Since bursitis is caused by increased friction from the adjacent structures, a compression bandage is contraindicated because compression would create more friction on movement ( passive and active ).

Since the compression wave is the fastest of the seismic waves, it is sometimes referred to as the primary wave and is usually more-readily identifiable within the seismic recording as compared to the other seismic waves.