Since quarks have a spin of, the difference in quark-number between mesons and baryons results in mesons being bosons while baryons are fermions.

Since mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the weak and strong interactions.

Since free quark searches consistently failed to turn up any evidence for the new particles, and because an elementary particle back then was defined as a particle which could be separated and isolated, Gell-Mann often said that quarks were merely convenient mathematical constructs, not real particles.

Since the force between color charges does not decrease with distance, it is believed that quarks and gluons can never be liberated from hadrons.

Since the strong interaction does not discriminate between different flavors of quark, QCD has approximate flavor symmetry, which is broken by the differing masses of the quarks.

Since the area will be proportional to the separation of the quark – antiquark pair, free quarks are suppressed.

Since Omega baryons do not have any up or down quarks, they all have isospin 0.

Since the Georgi – Glashow model combines leptons and quarks into single irreducible representations, there exist interactions which do not conserve baryon number, although they still conserve B-L.

Since ETC interactions generate and the coupling of technipions to quark and lepton pairs, one expects the couplings to be Higgs-like ; i. e., roughly proportional to the masses of the quarks and leptons.

Since the virtual quarks and the virtual gluons contribute opposite effects, which effect wins out depends on the number of different kinds, or flavors, of quark.

Since protons are not elementary particles, and consist of quarks, gluons and virtual quark-antiquark pairs, the center-of-mass energy of elementary particle collisions in the LHC cannot be precisely determined.

Since the strong nuclear force affects quarks the same way regardless of their flavor, replacing one flavor of quark with another in a hadron should not alter its mass very much.

Since it has many flavours of quarks, it has approximate flavour and chiral symmetry.

Since chiral perturbation theory assumes chiral symmetry, and therefore massless quarks, it cannot be used to model interactions of the heavier quarks.

Since jets are ordinarily produced when quarks hadronize, and quarks are produced only in pairs, an additional particle is required to explain events containing an odd number of jets.

Since the 7070 and 7074 make use of record definition words ( RDWS ) to read, write, move, and otherwise examine blocks of storage, the DA and DC statements provide the option of generating RDWS automatically.

Since the ADR is trading at a value lower than what it is worth, one can purchase the ADR and expect to make money as its value converges on the original.

Since businesses make money and money leads to political power, business will inevitably use their power to influence governments.

Since the 12th century, courts have had parallel and co-equal authority to make law -- " legislating from the bench " is a traditional and essential function of courts, which was carried over into the U. S. system as an essential component of the " judicial power " specified by Article III of the U. S. constitution.

Since computers can make arithmetic calculations much faster and more accurately than humans, it was thought to be only a short matter of time before the technical details could be taken care of that would allow them the same remarkable capacity to process language.

Since the Roman consular fasti make it somewhat easy to confuse 87 – 57 BC with 84 – 54 BC, many scholars accept the dates 84 BC – 54 BC, supposing that his latest poems and the publication of his libellus coincided with the year of his death.

) Since either player can make use of any hopping ' ladder ' or ' chain ' created, more advanced strategy involves hindering an opposing player, in addition to helping oneself find jumps across the board.

Since 1982, however, the arguments have been easier to make, because lawyers have been able to cite the relevant sections of the constitution rather than rely upon legal abstraction.

The Oral Torah is the primary guide for Jews to abide by these terms, as expressed in tractate Gittin 60b, " the Holy One, Blessed be He, did not make His covenant with Israel except by virtue of the Oral Law " to help them learn how to live a holy life, and to bring holiness, peace and love into the world and into every part of life, so that life may be elevated to a high level of kedushah, originally through study and practice of the Torah, and since the destruction of the Second Temple, through prayer as expressed in tractate Sotah 49a " Since the destruction of the Temple, every day is more cursed than the preceding one ; and the existence of the world is assured only by the kedusha ... and the words spoken after the study of Torah.

Since two houses may be very different from one another, a design pattern for houses must be broad enough to apply to both of them, but not so vague that it doesn't help the designer make decisions.

Since the Iraq War, evangelicalism has begun to make inroads in Iraq, capitalizing on a new openness to Western missionaries following the US-led invasion of the country, although the vast majority of converts are from other sects of Christianity present in Iraq .< ref >

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in a range of categories including Formula One and sports car racing through its Scuderia Ferrari sporting division as well as supplying cars and engines to other teams and for one make series.

This rule goes beyond that and says, " Since the firearm might fire, assume that it will and make sure no harm occurs when it does.

Since the lifts were not yet in operation, the ascent was made by foot, and took over an hour, Eiffel frequently stopping to make explanations of various features.

Since the Church did not make either of these laws, she cannot be their arbiter — only their guardian and interpreter.

Since Zachariah is described as a priest of the course of Abijah and his wife, Elizabeth, as one of the daughters of Aaron, this would make John a descendant of Aaron on both his father's and mother's side.

Since 1945, Polish Catholics make up the majority of the population.

Since they derive from a strong acid but weak base, they are both at about pH = 5 ; as a consequence, the morphine salts are mixed with small amounts of NaOH to make them suitable for injection.

Since most public broadcasting operations don't have to make a profit, no commercials are necessary.

Since the French effort was in disarray, the U. S. was able to make the purchase at its price.

Since these were all individual compounds, he demonstrated that it was possible to make a chemical change in various fats ( which traditionally come from organic sources ), producing new compounds, without " vital force ".

Since it would be expected that a player would only make such a bet when he had the best possible hand, the folk lore says that this is how the best possible hand came to be known as the nuts.

Since local television stations often need to sell more commercial airtime than network affiliates, syndicated shows are usually cut to make room for extra commercials.

Since the overwhelming majority of light rays from a given light source do not make it directly into the viewer's eye, a " forward " simulation could potentially waste a tremendous amount of computation on light paths that are never recorded.

Since she could not act, one part suited her as well as any other, and so she was the first person to offer Mr. Lincoln a glass of water, holding it up to the box, high above her head, to Miss Harris, who had asked for it.

Since the sides are also covered up to the spray rails, they are also rough-sanded in that area.

Since all anchors that embed themselves in the bottom require the strain to be along the seabed, anchors can be broken out of the bottom by shortening the rode until the vessel is directly above the anchor ( at this point the anchor chain is " up and down " in naval parlance ).

Since one fluke always protrudes up from the set anchor, there is a great tendency of the rode to foul the anchor as the vessel swings due to wind or current shifts.

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably correct technically although historically false, etymology has been suggested: anode, from the Greek anodos, ' way up ', ' the way ( up ) out of the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

Since that time, no consensus had yet been reached, and Disraeli was criticised for mixing up details over the different " schedules " of income.

Since the conclusion of Calvin and Hobbes, Watterson has taken up painting, at one point drawing landscapes of the woods with his father.

Since April 2007, The Beano has had five revamps to help it keep up to date.

) Since the Athenians seem to have taken up a strong defensive position at Marathon, the Persian hesitance was probably a reluctance to attack the Athenians head-on.

Since 1916, there have been several different nutrition guidelines issued by the United States government, eventually leading up to the food pyramid.

Since the Byzantine army was still holding on after this defeat the sultan thought it was time to set up his secret weapon, a huge mobile tower.

Since water that flows through a cave eventually comes out in streams and rivers, any pollution may ultimately end up in someone's drinking water, and can even seriously affect the surface environment, as well.

Since the death of Medellín cartel leader Pablo Escobar in a police shootout during December 1993, indiscriminate acts of violence associated with that organization have abated as the " cartels " have broken up into multiple, smaller and often-competing trafficking organizations.

Since the new Emperor was not any more generous than the old, Claudius gave up hope of public office and retired to a scholarly, private life.

The proof of this fact relies on an algorithm which, given the first n digits of Ω, solves Turing's halting problem for programs of length up to n. Since the halting problem is undecidable, Ω can not be computed.

Since the time of Pāṇini, at least, linguists have described the grammars of languages in terms of their block structure, and described how sentences are recursively built up from smaller phrases, and eventually individual words or word elements.

Since the reunions in the UK and Australia in 1957, two generations of Christadelphians have grown up with little awareness of the existence of the minority " fellowships ", or awareness that the main group is called " Central " by the minority groups.

Since 1996 the blend for Chianti and Chianti Classico has been 75-100 % Sangiovese, up to 10 % Canaiolo and up to 20 % of any other approved red grape variety such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot or Syrah.

Since its introduction, the term has been picked up and used by various researchers engaging in Science and technology studies.

Since the Second World War, they have been attended by an average of over 2, 000 and up to 6, 000 people.

Since enzymes are selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell.

Since reunification, the German government has spent vast amounts of money on reintegrating the two halves of the city and bringing services and infrastructure in the former East Berlin up to the standard established in West Berlin.

Since all probabilities p < sub > i </ sub > add up to one: p < sub > 1 </ sub > + p < sub > 2 </ sub > + ... + p < sub > k </ sub > = 1, the expected value can be viewed as the weighted average, with p < sub > i </ sub >’ s being the weights: