Since we are considering here relatively small diameter ( 1 - 1.5 inches ) fiber plates, their average thickness can be kept below 1/4 inch and their internal losses may be assumed as 15 percent ( per plate ).

Since the fluctuations are assumed to be small, products of the fluctuation terms can be neglected ( to first order ) and we have

Since the discovery of potassium by Humphry Davy, it had been assumed that alumina, the basis of clay, contained a metal in combination with oxygen.

Since Lowell astronomers thought Pluto was massive enough to perturb planets, they assumed that it should have an albedo of 0. 07 ( meaning that it reflected only 7 % of the light that hit it ); about as dark as asphalt and similar to that of Mercury, the least reflective planet known.

Since it is assumed in cosmology that the particles we see were created using the same physics we measure today, it would normally be expected that the overall baryon number should be zero, as matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts.

Since we've assumed that we can infallibly identify programs for computing squares, we can determine whether t, which depends on a and i, is such a program, and that for every a and i ; thus we have obtained a program that decides whether program a halts on input i. Note that our halting-decision algorithm never executes t, but only passes its description to the squaring-identification program, which by assumption always terminates ; since the construction of the description of t can also be done in a way that always terminates, the halting-decision cannot fail to halt either.

Since xenon is a volatile noble gas it can be assumed that there wasn't much of it in the rock to begin with.

Since it is much rarer than iodine, it can be assumed that most of the < sup > 129 </ sup > Xe present in the rock is a by-product of < sup > 129 </ sup > I decay.

Since the ideal core has been assumed to have near-zero reluctance, the magnetizing current is negligible, although still required, to create the magnetic field.

Since the action spectrum of sunburn and melanogenesis are virtually identical, they are assumed to be induced by the same mechanism.

Since the 1970s, the term has generally been assumed to refer to speeds of Mach 5 and above.

Since 1983 such laws and decrees also have to be affirmed by a signed affirmation ; it is usually assumed these acts coincide.

Since software is a vital contributor and inclusive of the system operation it is assumed the software will function normally as intended.

Since most trips by bicycle or walking are generally shorter, they are assumed to have stayed within one zone and are not included in the analysis.

Since the festival was celebrated by Athens and all the Ionian cities, it is assumed that it must have preceded the Ionian migration of the late eleventh or early tenth century BC.

Since the speed of light is so great, and as material bodies pass through the aether without obvious friction or drag, the aether was assumed to have a highly unusual combination of properties.

Since then there have been objections that the early environment was possibly not as reducing as Miller and Urey assumed and Miller acknowledged this.

Since the Borough ’ s creation, Bromley had always been under Conservative control until the local elections of 7 May 1998 when a Liberal Democrat / Labour coalition assumed power.

Since it was high, they assumed that the core was properly covered with coolant, unaware that because of steam forming in the reactor vessel, the indicator provided misleading readings.

Since Cleon died in 422 it can be assumed that this appeal was retained from the original production in 423 and thus the extant play must be a partial revision of the original play.

Since this figure does not appear in accounts from the Republican period, the princeps of the Saturnalia may have developed as a satiric response to Rome's transition from a participatory republic to imperial monarchy under a princeps, the title assumed by the first emperor Augustus to avoid the hated connotations of the word " king " ( rex ).

Since coming of age, Michael had assumed financial independence and his assets included the largest sugar refinery in the country, capital amounting to millions of roubles, a collection of motor vehicles, and country estates at Otrovo in Russian Poland and Brasovo near Orel.

Since the incident beam was assumed to have an intensity of one, this will also give the transmission function:

Since the Renaissance until the late 19th century, men involved in the daily correspondence and the activities of the mighty had assumed the title of secretary.

Since 1951, the Navy faced the initial threat from the Tupolev Tu-4K ' Bull ' carrying anti-ship missiles.

Since the House of Lords no longer had the power to block the bill, the Unionist's Ulster Volunteers led by Sir Edward Carson, launched a campaign of opposition that included the threat of armed resistance in Ulster and the threat of mutiny by army officers in Ireland in 1914 ( see Curragh Incident ).

Since the gene is recessive, all offspring will be heterozygous, and the offspring from that mating will not be resistant to Bt and therefore no longer a threat.

Since then, the cane toad has become a pest in many host countries, and poses a serious threat to native animals.

Since carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, and poses a potentially fatal threat, detectors have become commercially available to warn of dangerous levels in residences.

Since the Elector of Bavaria retained his seat, the number of electors increased to eight ; the two Wittelsbach lines now sufficiently estranged so as not to pose a combined potential threat.

Since the beginning of the 7th century the Islamic Caliphate had conquered much of the southern Mediterranean, and represented a threat to Christianity.

Since then, scientists have contended that earlier concerns that the devils were the most significant threat to livestock were overestimated and misplaced.

Since then, concern over nuclear weapons has shifted to the prevention of localized nuclear conflicts resulting from nuclear proliferation, and the threat of nuclear terrorism.

Since the credibility of the threat is critical to such assurance, each side had to invest substantial capital in their nuclear arsenals even if they were not intended for use.

Since piracy was a significant threat in Caribbean waters, merchants sought ships that could outrun pursuers.

Since the 1980s there has been a boom in the exploitation of the Amazon Rainforest for mining, logging and cattle ranching, posing a severe threat to the region's indigenous population.

Since lactose intolerance poses no further threat to a person's health, the condition is managed by minimizing the occurrence and severity of symptoms.

Since U. S. personnel are not allowed in Lebanon, ( a limitation set forth by U. S. Secretary of Defence Frank Carlucci, due to the threat to U. S. personnel ), there is a current move to reduce U. S. participation to UNTSO.

Since becoming leader of the party in 2011, Marine Le Pen has focused mostly on the perceived threat against the secular value system of the French Republic.

Since the return of civilian rule to Argentina in 1983, relations with Chile, the United Kingdom and the international community in general improved and Argentine officials have since publicly ruled out interpreting neighboring countries ' policies as any potential threat ; but Argentina still does not enjoy the full trust of the Chilean political class.

Since then the Beagle Boys have been a constant threat to Scrooge's huge money bin.

Since the Americans had a much larger air force than the Soviet Union, and the United States maintained advance air bases near Soviet territory, in 1947 Stalin ordered the development of intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) in order to counter the perceived American threat.

Since the threat of annexation of Grand Rapids was not there Kelloggsville became a school district split between the City of Wyoming and the Township of Paris, soon to be the City of Kentwood.

Since many treaties are signed while the use ( or threat ) of force is in effect, most scholars agree that Article 52 refers only to force that is in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.

Since many of the new Canadians were also veterans of Loyalist regiments, they brought both the British sympathies and the military training to establish competent professional forces to oppose the perceived American threat.

Since Japan has been in recession and deflation, with union membership falling, the value of the shuntō and the automatic wage increases associated with it have come under threat.

Since Lao dominance was seen as the greatest threat in the region, ' Lao ' was removed as a category in the census, and heavy-handed policies were enacted.