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Sippar was the cult site of the sun god ( Sumerian Utu, Akkadian Shamash ) and the home of his temple E-babbara.
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Sippar and was
Centuries later, the neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus mentioned in his archaeological records that Ishtar's worship in Agade was later superseded by that of the goddess Anunit, whose shrine was at Sippar — suggesting proximity of Sippar and Agade.
One theory holds that Agade was situated opposite Sippar on the left bank of the Euphrates, and was perhaps the oldest part of the city of Sippar.
In Sumerian, the name of the city of Sippar in modern-day Iraq was also a written UD. KIB. NUN, indicating a historically strong relationship between the city and the river.
A battle was fought at Opis in the month of June, where the Babylonians were defeated ; and immediately afterwards Sippar surrendered to the invader.
Nabonidus fled to Babylon, where he was pursued by Gobryas, and on the 16th day of Tammuz, two days after the capture of Sippar, " the soldiers of Cyrus entered Babylon without fighting.
Nebuchadnezzar's construction activity was not confined to the capital ; he is credited with the restoration of the Lake of Sippar, the opening of a port on the Persian Gulf, and the building of the Mede wall between the Tigris and the Euphrates to protect the country against incursions from the north.
Being close to Babylon, Sippar was an early addition to its empire under Hammurabi.
Sippar ( Sumerian: Zimbir ) was an ancient Near Eastern city on the east bank of the Euphrates river, located at the site of modern Tell Abu Habbah in Iraq's Babil Governorate, some 60 km north of Babylon and 30 km southeast of Baghdad.
Sippar was on the east side of the Euphrates, while its sister city, Sippar-Amnanum, was on the west.
While pottery finds indicate that the site of Sippar was in use as early as the Uruk period, substantial occupation occurred only in the Early Dynastic period of the 3rd millennium BC, the Old Babylonian period of the
Xisuthros, the " Chaldean Noah " in Sumerian mythology, is said by Berossus to have buried the records of the antediluvian world here — possibly because the name of Sippar was supposed to be connected with sipru, " a writing ".
In 1894, Sippar was worked briefly by Jean-Vincent Scheil.
The origin of Marduk's name may reflect an earlier genealogy, or have had cultural ties to the ancient city of Sippar ( whose god was Utu, the sun god ), dating back to the third millennium BCE.
That same year, Humban-Haltash II of Elam began a campaign against Sippar, but was defeated by the Babylonians, and died soon afterwards.
The Babylonian army was routed, and on October 10, Sippar was seized without a battle, with little to no resistance from the populace.
Her cult was of considerable importance in Ebla from the mid 3rd millennium, and by the end of the 3rd millennium, she had temples in Nippur, Sippar, Kish, Harbidum, Larsa, and Urum.
Sippar and site
Given that thousands of cuneiform tablets have been recovered at the site, relatively little is known about the history of Sippar.
Sippar and sun
* Sippar, E-babbar, Utu ( sun )
Sippar and god
We find temples and shrines erected in his honour, e. g. at Nippur, Girsu, Ur, Babylon, Sippar, and Nineveh, and the numerous epithets given to him, as well as the various forms under which the god appears, alike bear witness to the popularity which he enjoyed from the earliest to the latest period of Babylonian-Assyrian history.
The Enmeduranki legend, or the seed of kingship, is a Sumero-Akkadian composition relating his endowment with perfect wisdom ( nam-kù-zu ) by the god Marduk and his claim to belong to a “ distant line of kingship from before the flood ” and to be an “ offspring of Enmeduranki, king of Sippar .” It begins with a lament over preceding events:
Sippar and Sumerian
In the Sumerian king list a king of Sippar, En-men-dur-ana, is listed as one of the early pre-dynastic
Sippar and temple
The temple had been mentioned as early as the 18th year of Samsu-iluna of Babylon, who reported restoring " Ebabbar, the temple of Szamasz in Sippar ", along with the city's ziggurat.
During the Ur III period she had a temple in Drehem and from the Old Babylonian time onwards, there were sanctuaries in Sippar, Larsa, and Harbidum.
Sippar and .
The kings who came before Hammurabi had begun to consolidate rule of central Mesopotamia under Babylonian hegemony and, by the time of his reign, had conquered the city-states of Borsippa, Kish, and Sippar.
Schnabel placed Kidinnu in Sippar, but Otto E. Neugebauer showed that Schnabel based this conclusion on a misreading of the cuneiform tablet.
* c. 2254 BC – 2218 BC: Stela of Naram-Sin, probably from Sippar, discovered in Susa ( modern Shush, Iran ), is made.
700 BC, probably from Sippar.
Sippar has been suggested as the location of the Biblical Sepharvaim in the Old Testament, which alludes to the two parts of the city in its dual form.
was and cult
He did not have a separate cult, but he was the personification of the holy magic-song sung by the magicians that was supposed to cure disease.
It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece.
The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines.
Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE.
On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the " Apollinare ".
The naked bodies of the statues are associated with the cult of the body that was essentially a religious activity.
Historically, her cult in Greece was imported from, or influenced by, the cult of Astarte in Phoenicia.
Kythira was a stopping place for trade and culture between Crete and the Peloponesus, so these stories may preserve traces of the migration of Aphrodite's cult from the Middle East to mainland Greece.
Lycurgus of Thrace, an antagonist of Dionysus, forbade the cult of Dionysus, whom he drove from Thrace, and was driven mad by the god.
Agrippina was named a priestess of the cult of the deified Claudius.
This was part of Ealdred's promotion of the cult of Saint John, who had only been canonized in 1037.
Its ancient cult of Aphrodite was the most important, after Paphos, in Cyprus, her homeland, though the ruins of Amathus are less well-preserved than neighboring Kourion.
At both Chalcis and Athens Plutarch tells us that there was an Amazoneum or shrine of Amazons that implied the presence of both tombs and cult.
According to Herodotus, when Anacharsis returned to the Scythians he was killed by his own brother for his Greek ways and especially for the impious attempt to sacrifice to the Mother Goddess Cybele, whose cult was unwelcome among the Scythians.
The 4-volume work was an imaginary travel journal, one of the first historical novels, which Klemperer called " the encyclopedia of the new cult of the antique " in the late 18th century.
Aeschylus was one of many Greeks who had been initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries, a cult to Demeter based in his hometown of Eleusis.
Among the most exciting recent archaeological discoveries in Greece is the recognition that the sanctuary site near the modern village of Kalapodi is not only the site of the oracle of Apollon at Abai but that it was in constant use for cult practices from early Mycenaean times to the Roman period.
In 2000, a French court ruled that a government minister's description of anthroposophy as a cult was defamatory.
At Athens, the traveller Pausanias was informed in the second-century CE that the cult of Aphrodite Urania above the Kerameikos was so ancient that it had been established by Aegeus, whose sisters were barren, and he still childless himself.
However, the name Artemis ( variants Arktemis, Arktemisa ) is most likely related to Greek árktos ‘ bear ’ ( from PIE * h₂ŕ ̥ tḱos ), supported by the bear cult that the goddess had in Attica ( Brauronia ) and the Neolithic remains at the Arkouditessa, as well as the story about Callisto, which was originally about Artemis ( Arcadian epithet kallisto ).
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