Some philosophers deny that the concept of " being " has any meaning at all, since we only define an object's existence by its relation to other objects, and actions it undertakes.

Some philosophers who have had more noteworthy theories are Parmenides, Leucippus, Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Plotinus, Aquinas, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Hegel, Heidegger, and Sartre.

Some philosophers believe that Block's two types of consciousness are not the end of the story.

Some philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett in an essay titled The Unimagined Preposterousness of Zombies, argue that people who give this explanation do not really understand what they are saying.

Some philosophers have argued that it is intrinsically unsolvable, because qualities (" qualia ") are ineffable ; that is, they are " raw feels ", incapable of being analyzed into component processes.

Some contemporary philosophers and scientists ( e. g. David Deutsch in The Fabric of Reality ) employ virtual reality in various thought experiments.

Some philosophers think there is an important distinction between " knowing that ," " knowing how ," and " acquaintance-knowledge ," with epistemology primarily interested in the first.

Some philosophers rely on descriptive ethics and choices made and unchallenged by a society or culture to derive categories, which typically vary by context.

Some philosophers, such as Dennett, reject both epiphenomenalism and the existence of qualia with the same charge that Gilbert Ryle leveled against a Cartesian " ghost in the machine ", that they too are category mistakes.

Some notable philosophers, such as Alasdair MacIntyre, have theorized freedom in terms of our social interdependence with other people.

Some ancient authorities in the doxographic tradition credited the Greek philosophers Pythagoras, in the 6th century BC, and Parmenides, in the 5th, with recognizing that the Earth is spherical.

Some philosophers believe that an object can't persist through a change of parts.

Some philosophers embrace the existence of both kinds of reason, while others deny the existence of one or the other.

Some philosophers argue that Sartre's thought is contradictory.

Some philosophers used to contend that positivism was the theory that there is " no necessary connection " between law and morality ; but influential contemporary positivists, including Joseph Raz, John Gardner, and Leslie Green, reject that view.

Some time afterwards, he chanced upon an old man, possibly a Palestinian or Syrian Christian, in the vicinity of the seashore, who engaged him in a dialogue about God, and spoke of the testimony of the prophets as more reliable than the reasoning of philosophers.

Some analytical philosophers argue that all meaningful empirical questions are to be answered by science, not philosophy.

Some philosophers ( e. g. existentialists, pragmatists ) think philosophy is ultimately a practical discipline that should help us lead meaningful lives by showing us who we are, how we relate to the world around us and what we should do.

Some philosophers of science, such as the neo-positivists, say that natural science rejects the study of metaphysics, while other philosophers of science strongly disagree.

Some philosophers, known as Incompatibilists, view determinism and free will as mutually exclusive.

Some philosophers maintain that moral relativism entails non-cognitivism.

Some of the philosophers are portrayed according to their works.

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.

Some philosophers divide consciousness into phenomenal consciousness, which is subjective experience itself, and access consciousness, which refers to the global availability of information to processing systems in the brain.

Some scholars point to a character from the Babylonian cuneiform which may have been derived from a representation of the abacus.

Some scholars favor the unhyphenated form antisemitism to avoid possible confusion involving whether the term refers specifically to Jews, or to Semitic-language speakers as a whole.

Some scholars have hypothesized an original Proto-Indo-European pantheon, with the chief male god ( Di -) represented by the sky and thunder, and the chief female god ( feminine form of Di -) represented as the earth or fertile soil.

Some scholars suggest that Arius may have been poisoned by his opponents.

Some scholars have speculated that members of the Alemannic elite such as king Gibuld due to Visigothic influence may have been converted to Arianism even in the later 5th century.

Some of the fragments quoted by ancient scholars were able to be integrated by scholars in the nineteenth century.

Some scholars believe that Amos's message was recorded after he delivered it to the Northern Kingdom, upon returning to his southern homeland of Tekoa, a town eight kilometres south of Bethlehem.

" Some scholars theorize that the " we " passages in Acts are just such " handed down " quotations from some earlier source who accompanied Paul on his travels.

Some scholars believe that the apologetic view of Luke ’ s work is overemphasized and that it should not be regarded as a “ major aim of the Lucan writings .” While Munck believes that purpose of Luke ’ s work is not that clear-cut and sympathizes with other claims, he believes that Luke ’ s work can function as an apology only in the sense that it “ presents a defense of Christianity and Paul ” and may serve to “ clarify the position of Christianity within Jewry and within the Roman Empire .” Pervo disagrees that Luke ’ s work is an apology and even that it could possibly be addressed to Rome because he believes that “ Luke and Acts speak to insiders, believers in Jesus .” Freedman believes that Luke is writing an apology but that his goal is “ not to defend the Christian movement as such but to defend God ’ s ways in history .”

Some scholars have struggled to determine if either of these two versions is closer to the original text composed by the original author.

Some scholars have objected to the language of the speeches as too Lukan in style to reflect anyone else's words.

Some scholars contend that the most ancient and genuine story told of only four sons of Aeolus: Sisyphus, Athamas, Cretheus, and Salmoneus, as the representatives of the four main branches of the Aeolic race.

Some scholars argue Plato drew upon memories of past events such as the Thera eruption or the Trojan War, while others insist that he took inspiration from contemporary events like the destruction of Helike in 373 BC or the failed Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415 – 413 BC.

Some scholars believe Clement of Rome cryptically referenced Atlantis in his First Epistle of Clement, 20: 8:

Some Nasheed singers avoid instruments in the background due to the opinion of certain scholars that their use is prohibited.

Some scholars see this war as destroying Arnulf's hopes at succeeding Charles.

Some scholars believe that the name and indeed the goddess herself was originally pre-Greek.

Some scholars see Adoptionist concepts in the Gospel of Mark and in the writings of the Apostle Paul.

Some scholars see Beowulf as a product of these early tales along with Gesta Danorum and Hrólfs saga kraka.

Some scholars have claimed that the vow formula of the Rule is best translated as " to live in this place as a monk, in obedience to its rule and abbot.

Some scholars have inferred that the minor judges were actual adjudicators, whereas the major judges were leaders and didn't actually make legal judgements.

Some modern scholars suggest the book of Esther to be a historical novella.

Some scholars have suggested that Amos ’ s reference to Edom is symbolic of all nations who were once enemies of Israel and not meant to literally mean Edomites in the flesh.

Some biblical scholars believe Jonah's prayer () to be a later addition to the story ( see source criticism for more information on how such conclusions are drawn ).