Concerning its domestic borders, the 1803 Louisiana Purchase doubled the nation's geographical area ; Spain ceded the territory of Florida in 1819 ; annexation brought Texas in 1845 ; a war with Mexico in 1848 added California, Arizona and New Mexico.

France established direct control in 1640, reorganizing it into an official colony and expanding to the north coast of Hispaniola itself, whose western end Spain ceded to France in 1697 under the Treaty of Ryswick.

The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger and Ogooué Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange of South America ´ s territory Sacramento ( Treaty of El Pardo ).

* 11 April 1713 – The territory was subsequently ceded to the Crown of Great Britain in perpetuity by Spain under article X of the Treaties of Utrecht.

: In that treaty, Spain ceded Great Britain " the full and entire propriety of the town and castle of Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and forts thereunto belonging ... for ever, without any exception or impediment whatsoever.

The Treaties of Versailles which ceded Minorca and Florida to Spain, reaffirmed previous treaties in the rest of issues, thus not affecting to Gibraltar.

The government of Spain continues with an irredentist territorial claim to Gibraltar, which was ceded in perpetuity to the British Crown in 1713 by Article X of the Treaty of Utrecht.

Cuba gained its independence and Spain lost its remaining New World colony, Puerto Rico, which together with Guam and the Philippines were ceded to the United States for 20 million dollars.

Under the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick, Spain officially ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France which renamed the colony Saint-Domingue.

In the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick, Spain formally ceded the western third of the island to France.

In the second 1795 Treaty of Basel ( 22 July ,) Spain ceded the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola.

Spain claims the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, ceded to Britain in perpetuity in 1713 under the Treaty of Utrecht, and argues its case at the United Nations claiming its territorial integrity is affected.

But largely through the skillful work of John Quincy Adams, a treaty was signed with Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the United States in return for the assumption of $ 5, 000, 000 in claims and the relinquishment of any claims to Texas.

The territory's boundaries had not been defined in the 1762 Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, nor the 1800 Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, nor the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States.

In early 1976, Spain ceded Western Sahara administration's to Morocco and Mauritania.

Following the Spanish – American War of 1898, Spain ceded Guam to the United States and sold the remainder of the Marianas ( along with the Caroline Islands ) to Imperial Germany under the German – Spanish Treaty of 1899.

Spain ceded Florida to Britain.

In 1900, President William McKinley appointed Taft chairman of a commission to organize a civilian government in the Philippines which had been ceded to the United States by Spain following the Spanish – American War and the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

The Adams – Onís Treaty, signed in 1819 and ratified by Spain in 1821, ceded Florida to the United States, and established a boundary between New Spain and the United States.

Later, in 1818, the United States invaded Florida, resulting in the Adams-Onís Treaty, wherein Spain ceded the rest of Florida to the United States.

* April 7 – The Mississippi Territory is organized by the United States from territory ceded by Georgia and South Carolina ; later it is twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U. S. and Spain ( which acquired territory in trade with Great Britain ).

Again besieged and captured by the French during the Thirty Years ' War in September 1642, Perpignan was formally ceded by Spain 17 years later in the Treaty of the Pyrenees, and from then on remained a French possession.

France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida ( which Spain had ceded to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba ).

The aim was to secede Cuba from Spain, and annex it as a US state as Florida had been in 1824 through the Adams-Onis Treaty.

In 1762, Havana was briefly occupied by Great Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida.

The treaty gave Britain Florida in exchange for Cuba on the recommendation of the French, who advised that declining the offer could result in Spain losing Mexico and much of the South American mainland to the British.

* 1819 – By the Adams-Onís Treaty, Spain sells Florida to the United States for five million U. S. dollars.

Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years War ( 1756 – 1763 ) threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied themselves to France but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ), which ended the Seven Years ' War.

Spain, nearly bankrupt from the war with France and the reconstruction of the country, was unable to pay her soldiers, and in 1819 was forced to sell Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars.

As Secretary of State, he negotiated with the United Kingdom over America's northern border with Canada, negotiated with Spain the annexation of Florida, and authored the Monroe Doctrine.

Adams used the events that had unfolded in Florida to negotiate the Florida Treaty with Spain in 1819 that turned Florida over to the U. S. and resolved border issues regarding the Louisiana Purchase.

* 1821 – The United States takes possession of its newly bought territory of Florida from Spain.

* 1539 – Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.

As president, he bought Florida from Spain and sought to ease partisan tensions, embarking on a tour of the country that was well received everywhere.

Relations with Spain over the purchase of Spanish Florida proved to be troublesome, especially after Andrew Jackson invaded that territory on what he believed to be the president's authorization, which Monroe later denied giving.

The eastern boundary below the 31st parallel was unclear ; the U. S. claimed the land as far as the Perdido River, and Spain claimed the border of its Florida Colony remained the Mississippi river.

French claims to Florida came to an end in 1565 when a hurricane destroyed the French fleet, allowing Spain to conquer Fort Caroline.

* Spain completes the construction of Fort Matanzas in the Matanzas Inlet, approximately south of St. Augustine, Florida.

Spain would also lose Florida to the United States during this decade.

First, in 1810, the Republic of West Florida declared its independence from Spain, and was quickly annexed by the United States.

* 1943 – World War II: Operation Mincemeat: The submarine surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a British military intelligence officer.

However, the French Navy was dominant in the Mediterranean Sea, following the withdrawal of the British fleet after the outbreak of war between Britain and Spain in 1796.

In particular, the British Museum ’ s collections covering the period AD 300 to 1100 are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world, extending from Spain to the Black Sea and from North Africa to Scandinavia.

Following the 1707 union of England and Scotland, and the 1801 creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British foreign policy, on the continent, was to contain expansion by its competitor powers such as France and Spain.

As had its predecessor, the English Army, the British Army fought Spain, France, and the Netherlands for supremacy in North America and the West Indies.

Spain also restricted Cuba's access to the slave trade, which was dominated by the British, French, and Dutch.

With the abolishment of slavery altogether in their colonies, the British forced Spain to sign another treaty in 1835.

In 1937, Attlee visited Spain and visited the British Battalion of the International Brigades fighting in the Spanish Civil War.

In 1540, Spain established the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which extended from southern Mexico to Costa Rica, and thus encompassed most of what is currently known as Central America, with the exception of British Honduras ( present-day Belize ).

Almost immediately after the order of Kotaka was placed, Fernando Villaamil, second officer of the Ministry of the Navy of Spain where he was put in charge of developing the concept of a new ship designed to combat torpedo boats, placed an order for a large torpedo gunboat in November 1885, with the British builder James and George Thompson, of Clydebank, not far from where the Yarrow shipyards would move from London 20 years later.

During 1900 it was adopted by Germany, by Russia in 1904, the British West Indies in 1905, Spain in 1906, Belgium in 1909, Argentina in 1912, and Romania in 1913.

Meanwhile, the British presence in the west continued, until interrupted by Spain during the Falkland Crisis from 10 July 1770 to 22 January 1771.

: Finally, under the Treaty, should the British crown wish to dispose of Gibraltar, that of Spain should be offered the territory first.

The fortifications, known to the British as the Spanish Lines, and to Spain as La Línea de Contravalación were the origin of modern-day town of La Línea de la Concepción.

* 1830-The British government changes the status of Gibraltar from The town and garrison of Gibraltar in the Kingdom of Spain to the Crown Colony of Gibraltar.

It was cancelled because the Spanish government were reluctant to let the Wehrmacht enter Spain and then attack against the Rock, its civilians or the British Army from Spanish soil, because Franco feared that it may have been impossible to remove the Wehrmacht afterwards.

* Jews, most of them of Sephardi origin, were able to re-establish their rites, forbidden in Catholic Spain, right after the British occupation in 1704.

France launched an invasion of eastern Spain while the British successfully raided Vigo.

The history of Spain involves all the other peoples and nations within the Iberian peninsula formerly known as Hispania, and includes still today the nations of Andorra, Portugal and Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.

After briefly opposing Revolutionary France early in the French Revolutionary Wars, Spain was cajoled into an uneasy alliance with its northern neighbor, only to be blockaded by the British.

Spain was put under a British blockade, and her colonies – for the first time separated from their colonial rulers – began to trade independently with Britain.