He was a direct descendant of the last of the Umayyad caliphs, Marwan II, and was thus connected with the Umayyad rulers in Spain, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works.

The resultant stagnation of economic growth was particularly pronounced in Cuba because of its great strategic importance in the Caribbean, and the stranglehold that Spain kept on it as a result.

In the same period of the early Renaissance, the Carthusian monks of southern Spain bred horses and kept meticulous pedigrees of the best bloodstock ; the lineage survives to this day in the Andalusian horse.

Soon, however, Puertocarrero was on his way to Spain as Cortés ' emissary to Charles V, and Cortés kept her by his side for her value as an interpreter who spoke two native languages — Mayan and Nahuatl.

Spain has suffered catastrophic events during the last century, such as the Spanish Civil War and the 40 year long Francisco Franco fascist dictatorship, which allowed this breed to be kept relatively unknown both inside and outside of its native country, at least until democracy led to greater social and cultural equality and development.

It is now kept in the collection of Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi Museum in Valencia, Spain.

With regard to the political organization of their kingdoms, Philip issued the Nueva Planta decrees, following the centralizing approach of the Bourbons in France, ending the political autonomy of the kingdoms which had made up the Crown of Aragon ; territories in Spain that had supported the Archduke Charles and up to then had kept their institutions in a framework of loose dynastic union, separate from the rest of the Spanish realm.

He was a peace-loving monarch who kept Spain out of the Seven Years ' War.

The Sudarium of Oviedo, or Shroud of Oviedo, is a bloodstained cloth, measuring c. 84 x 53 cm, kept in the Cámara Santa of the Cathedral of San Salvador, Oviedo, Spain.

During their interlude in Majorca, Spain, Gertrude continued her correspondence with Mildred Aldrich who kept her apprised of the War's progression, and eventually inspired Gertrude and Alice to return to France to join the war effort.

Originals of both treaties are kept at the Archivo General de Indias in Spain and at the Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo in Portugal.

More historically important elements are kept as pieces of cultural interest in different parts of Spain.

Philip decided to send the Duke of Alba with an army ; he would have led them himself but was kept in Spain by other matters, especially the increasingly evident insanity of his heir, Carlos, Prince of Asturias.

More bad luck struck him in Spain where he kept pace with Prost for most of the race only for his engine to fail.

King Ferdinand of Spain is cited by Machiavelli as an example of a monarch who gained esteem by showing his ability through great feats and who, in the name of religion, conquered many territories and kept his subjects occupied so that they had no chance to rebel.

The mountainous terrain and isolation have kept the province economically challenged and encouraged much emigration to the rest of Spain and to the New World.

The Portuguese Empire was then extremely rich – Portugal collected more gold from the newly found Brazilian mines over a few decades than Spain took from the remaining of Central and South America over 400 years ; there were also the very productive diamond and precious gemstone mines that kept the royal coffers full.

The rebab was adopted as a key instrument in Arab classical music and in Morocco a tradition of Arabo-Andalusian music has been kept alive by descendants of Muslims who left Spain as refugees following the Reconquista.

Andrea Doria had kept a copy of the miraculous image of Our Lady of Guadalupe given to him by King Philip II of Spain in his ship's state room.

Accounts in Spain were kept in the copper real ( real de vellón ) of 34 maravedíes, while in Spanish America accounts continued in the silver real and eventually in pesos of eight reales.

One of the first questions discussed was the nature of the guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and matters did not make much progress until after 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation.

However these views were too extreme for even 17th century Spain, where the King and leading courtiers kept galleries of such works in relatively private rooms, and his piece on the subject was not published in the pamphlet for which it was written.

By shielding Barcelona in this way the Allies kept Spain in the war for two more years.

For Spain, it meant that it kept its colonies in Texas and also kept a buffer zone between its colonies in California and New Mexico and the U. S. territories.

* 1906 – The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.

Caesar, lacking a fleet to immediately give chase, solidified his control over the western Mediterranean – Spain specifically – before assembling ships to follow Pompey.

Between 1580 and 1640 the Crown of Portugal and the Crown of Spain were held by the same kings and therefore Casablanca and all other areas occupied by the Portuguese were under Spanish control, even though maintaining an autonomous Portuguese administration.

France established direct control in 1640, reorganizing it into an official colony and expanding to the north coast of Hispaniola itself, whose western end Spain ceded to France in 1697 under the Treaty of Ryswick.

The Portuguese retained control until 1778, when the island, adjacent islets, and commercial rights to the mainland between the Niger and Ogooué Rivers were ceded to Spain in exchange of South America ´ s territory Sacramento ( Treaty of El Pardo ).

On July 24, 1936, the Republican cruiser Méndez Núñez arrived at Santa Isabel ; on its way back to Spain the officers planned to join the rebellion, but the Spanish government, knowing this, ordered the ship to go back to the colony ; on August 14 the Méndez Núñez was back in Fernando Poo, where the sailors took control of her ; on September 21 the ship arrived in Málaga ( Republican Spain ).

With the death of the infirm and childless Charles II of Spain on 1 November 1700, the succession of the Spanish throne and subsequent control over her empire once again embroiled Europe in war – the War of the Spanish Succession.

By the time of Honorius ’ s death in 423, Britain, Spain and large parts of Gaul had effectively passed into barbarian control.

This institution is charged with representing the Government of Spain on the island, and managing all the functions that are not under control of the Canarian Government.

One more consequence of the catastrophe at the battle of Edessa was that Gallienus lost control over the two provinces of Germania, Britain, Spain and a large part of Gaul, when another general, Postumus, had declared his own realm ( typically known today as the Gallic Empire ).

By the war's end, the U. S. government had obtained control of all of Cuba from Spain.

Fragmented by the war, Spain was destabilised as different political parties representing " liberal ", " reactionary " and " moderate " groups throughout the remainder of the century fought for and won short-lived control without any being sufficiently strong to bring about lasting stability.

The Habsburg dynasty became extinct in Spain with Charles II's death in 1700, and the War of the Spanish Succession ensued in which the other European powers tried to assume control of the Spanish monarchy.

King Louis XIV of France eventually " won " the War of Spanish Succession, and control of Spain passed to the Bourbon dynasty.

A system of turnos was established in Spain in which the liberals, led by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and the conservatives, led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, alternated in control of the government.

For a time, Leclerc met with some success ; he also brought the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola under the direct control of France in accordance with the terms of the 1795 Treaties of Bâle with Spain.

The government put itself under the control of Spain, earning it the nickname of " España Boba " ( meaning " The Idiot Spain ").

This was very different from the authoritarian control France and Spain held over their colonies.

By the time Monroe became president, several European powers, in particular Spain, were attempting to re-establish control over South America.

Caesar decided to head for Spain, while leaving Italy under the control of Mark Antony.

Following the Seven Years War and French defeat by Great Britain, Spain gained control of the territory west of the Mississippi River.

Spain was given control of pieces of Morocco in the far north ( Protectorate of Tetuan ) and south ( Cape Juby ).

Through this agreement with Spain in 1956 and another in 1958, Moroccan control over certain Spanish-ruled areas was restored, though attempts to claim other Spanish possessions through military action were less successful.