Spain maintains economic and technical cooperation programs and cultural exchanges with Latin America, both bilaterally and within the EU.

Spain also maintains that the majority of residents are Spanish.

However, in some countries this system still maintains a large part of the immigrated population in an illegal status, albeit some massive regularizations ( in Spain by José Luis Zapatero's government and in Italy by Berlusconi's government ).

UDP maintains agreements with 120 universities from countries such as: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Honduras, Italy, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, Spain, The United States, Venezuela.

Traditionally, Argentina maintains close defense cooperation and military-supply relationships with the United States, and to a lesser extent, with Israel, Germany, France, Spain, Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Italy.

Andorra maintains six embassies abroad: in Austria, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal and the United States ( in New York ).

Bhutan maintains diplomatic relations with ten European nations: Austria ; Belgium ; Denmark ; Finland ; the Netherlands ; Norway ; Serbia ; Spain ( with whom it established relations in February 2011 ); Sweden ; and Switzerland, which form the " Friends of Bhutan " group, along with Japan, which contributes towards development projects in Bhutan.

The company currently sells its products in more than 180 countries and maintains 14 factories in various countries, including the United States, Mexico, Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, New Zealand, the Philippines, France, Kenya, Taiwan, China, India, Poland, and Russia.

* Spain maintains a cavalry detachment as part of the Spanish Royal Guard ; they wear cuirasses and are sometimes known as cuirassiers ( Spanish: Coraceros ).

Along with the usual foreign exchange visits to Le Havre in France, Spain and Mutterstadt in Germany, the school maintains a student exchange programme with Charlotte Country Day School, North Carolina USA.

EWB Canada is legally and structurally separate from all other " Engineers Without Borders " organizations, although it assisted in the launch of EWB UK ( which uses EWB Canada's lightbulb logo ), and also maintains close relationships with EWB Australia, ISF Spain, ISF Italy, and Engineers for a Sustainable World in the U. S.

The faculty maintains close ties and cooperates with universities in France, Germany, Spain, Czech republic, the USA, Canada, China, Egypt, Syria and Iran.

Vueling Airlines SA (), commonly shortened to Vueling, is a low cost airline based in El Prat de Llobregat, near Barcelona ( Spain ), where it maintains its main operating base.

The University maintains international cooperation alliances with the DAAD ( the German Academic Trust ), the governments of Japan, France, Mexico, Spain, Taiwan ( R. O. C.

In the consumer goods sector, with sales totaling 1. 5 billion euros, MONDRAGON produces white goods: refrigerators, washing machines, ovens, dishwashers, and boilers, under the brands Fagor, Brandt, and Mastercook, and maintains a leadership position in Spain and France and co-leadership in Poland and Morocco.

It operates all over Spain and in the south of France, and maintains close contacts with the French group Les Mousquetaires and the leading German retailer Edeka, with whom it set up the Alidis international partnership in 2002.

These events were nearly the cause of a war between Britain and Spain, both countries having sent armed fleets to contest sovereignty of the strategically important islands.

Like Britain earlier, Spain left behind a plaque proclaiming her sovereignty.

* 1955-At the United Nations, Spain, which had just been admitted to membership, initiated a claim to the territory, arguing that the principle of territorial integrity, not self-determination, applied in the case of the decolonization of Gibraltar, and that the United Kingdom should cede sovereignty of the Rock to Spain.

In condominiums, sovereignty is shared between two external powers: e. g. Andorra ( president of France and bishop of Urgell, Spain, co-princes ), and the former Anglo-French New Hebrides ( each nation's head of state was represented by a high commissioner ).

Honoré II, Prince of Monaco secured recognition of his independent sovereignty from Spain in 1633, and then from Louis XIII of France by the Treaty of Péronne ( 1641 ).

On November 14 of the same year, Spain, Morocco, and Mauritania announced a tripartite agreement for an interim administration under which Spain agreed to share administrative authority with Morocco and Mauritania, leaving aside the question of sovereignty.

The government of Morocco has repeatedly requested from Spain the sovereignty of Ceuta and Melilla, of Perejil Island, and of some other small areas lacking permanent population.

* 1984 – Under the Brussels Agreement signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain, the former agreed to enter into discussions with Spain over Gibraltar, including sovereignty.

Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe, occupying most ( about 85 percent ) of the Iberian Peninsula and includes a small exclave inside France called Llívia as well as the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Western Atlantic Ocean off northwest Africa, and five places of sovereignty ( plazas de soberanía ) on and off the coast of north Africa: Ceuta, Melilla, Islas Chafarinas, Peñón de Alhucemas, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera.

The affiliation of Gibraltar has continued to be a contentious issue between Spain and Britain and so is the sovereignty of the plazas de soberanía, claimed by Morocco.

Spain is established as a social and democratic state, wherein the national sovereignty is vested in the Spanish People, from which the powers of the State emanate.

Though highly decentralized, Spain is not a federation since the nation — as represented in the central institutions of government — retains full sovereignty.

Spain has a territorial dispute with Morocco concerning the five places of sovereignty ( plazas de soberanía ) on and off the coast of Morocco-the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Peñon de Alhucemas, Peñon de Vélez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas.

Spain claims the de jure sovereignty over Olivenza / Olivença on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz still stands and has never been revoked.

Portugal claims the de jure sovereignty over Olivenza / Olivença on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz was revoked by its own terms ( the breach of any of its articles would lead to its cancellation ) when Spain invaded Portugal in the Peninsular War of 1807.

In 1278, the conflict was resolved by the signing of a pareage ( pariatges ), which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the Count of Foix and the Bishop of La Seu d ' Urgell ( Catalonia, Spain ).

During this voyage he took possession of the Falkland Islands on the part of Britain, in 1765, on the ground of prior discovery, and his doing so was nearly the cause of a war between Great Britain and Spain, both countries having armed fleets to contest the sovereignty of the barren islands.

The Germans made it clear that if Spain entered the war, Franco would have to promise at a minimum, extraterritorial naval bases in Morocco and the Canary Islands to the Reich in exchange for which the Germans would reward Spain with various British and French colonies in Africa ; Franco rejected the German preconditions which he saw as interfering with Spanish sovereignty, and stayed neutral.

Its sovereignty is disputed between Spain and Morocco.

* 1819 – Simón Bolívar triumphs over Spain in the Battle of Boyacá.

Spain had 9 Latin-American prime ministers during the 19th century, and over a dozen Latin-American Speakers of Parliament.

Stradling and half a dozen of the crew survived the loss of their ship, but were made prisoners by the Spanish, as the War of the Spanish Succession was going on ( England and the Netherlands were in conflict with France and Spain over who was to be King of Spain ).

* 1818 – In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement – led by Bernardo O ' Higgins and José de San Martín – win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2, 000 Spaniards and 1, 000 Chilean patriots dead.

* 1906 – The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.

An example is the Alcántara Bridge, built over the river Tagus, in Spain.

* Cisplatine War ( 1825 – 1828 ): Armed conflict over an area known as Banda Oriental or " Eastern Shore " between the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and Empire of Brazil in the aftermath of the United Provinces ' emancipation from Spain.

Caesar, lacking a fleet to immediately give chase, solidified his control over the western Mediterranean – Spain specifically – before assembling ships to follow Pompey.

* Offner, John L. An Unwanted War: The Diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895 – 1898.

Charles and the Duke of Buckingham, James's favourite and a man who had great influence over the prince, together travelled incognito to Spain in 1623 in an attempt to reach agreement on the long-pending Spanish Match.

Victory over Spain in 1898 brought the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, as well as oversight of Cuba.

Piracy also contributed to the over harvesting of forests, as in Spain.

When the Twelve Years ' Truce in 1621 was over, the Republic had a free hand to re-wage war with Spain.

On the return trip to Spain, the two brethren met with a group of papal legates who were determined to triumph over the Manichean menace.

With the death of the infirm and childless Charles II of Spain on 1 November 1700, the succession of the Spanish throne and subsequent control over her empire once again embroiled Europe in war – the War of the Spanish Succession.

The Wars of Religion crippled France in the late 16th century, but a major victory over Spain in the Thirty Years ' War made France the most powerful nation on the continent once more.

In the dogfights over Spain, the latest Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters did well, as did the Soviet Polikarpov I-16.

For the following years with his family, till he left for studies in Paris in 1525, Francis ' life in the Kingdom of Navarre, then partially occupied by Spain, was surrounded by a war that lasted over 18 years, ending with the Kingdom of Navarre being partitioned into two territories, and the King of Navarre and some loyalists abandoning the south and moving to the northern part of the Kingdom of Navarre ( currently France ).

The event attracts amateur swimmers from all over the Canaries and Spain, and also swimming professionals such as David Meca and Maarten Van der Weijden, the paralympist Jesús Collado Alarcón who won gold medals for 100m backstroke and butterfly in Athens 2004, and Xavi Torres Ramis, the paralympic champion in Barcelona ' 92, Sydney and Atlanta.

In recent years flamenco has become popular all over the world and is taught in many countries: in Japan there are more academies than there are in Spain.

* 1941-Germany planned to occupy Gibraltar ( and presumably hand it over to Spain ) in " Operation Felix " which was due to start on 10 January 1941.

Images believed to depict the Great Auk were also carved into the walls of the El Pinto Cave in Spain over 35, 000 years ago, while cave paintings 20, 000 years old have been found in France's Grotte Cosquer.

One more consequence of the catastrophe at the battle of Edessa was that Gallienus lost control over the two provinces of Germania, Britain, Spain and a large part of Gaul, when another general, Postumus, had declared his own realm ( typically known today as the Gallic Empire ).

Spain and Britain came close to war over ownership of the Nootka Sound on contemporary Vancouver Island, and of greater importance, the right to colonize and settle the Pacific Northwest coast.