In cancer research, colloidal gold can be used to target tumors and provide detection using SERS ( Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ) in vivo.

Other optical techniques are also used: Fluorescence Correlation and Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy ( FCS / FCCS ) can be used to gain information of fluorophore mobility in the membrane, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ( FRET ) can detect when fluorophores are in close proximity and optical tweezer techniques can give information on membrane viscosity.

Experimentally, sp < sup > 2 </ sup > to sp < sup > 3 </ sup > ratios can be determined by comparing the relative intensities of various spectroscopic peaks ( including EELS, XPS, and Raman Spectroscopy ) to those expected for graphite or diamond.

; Spectroscopy: Spectroscopy can be used to measure the absorption of light by the solution during the titration, if the spectrum of the reactant, titrant or product is known.

The order in the SAM and orientation of molecules can be probed by Neare Edge Xray Absorption Fine Structure ( NEXAFS ) and Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy ( RAIRS ) studies.

Spectroscopy can also help to identify materials used in failed products, especially polymers, additives and fillers.

Siegbahn referred to the technique as Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), since the core levels have small chemical shifts depending on the chemical environment of the atom which is ionized, allowing chemical structure to be determined.

Spectroscopy is also used in the determination of the distance of a star, using the red shift.

Spectroscopy and spectrography are terms used to refer to the measurement of radiation intensity as a function of wavelength and are often used to describe experimental spectroscopic methods.

Spectroscopy is used in physical and analytical chemistry because atoms and molecules have unique spectra.

Spectroscopy is also used in astronomy and remote sensing.

Spectroscopy was used to model how the host species saw the cuckoo eggs.

* Dark Current Spectroscopy, a technique used to find contaminants in silicon.

Spectroscopy has been used successfully for online monitoring of manufacturing processes for 30 – 40 years, and this process data is highly amenable to chemometric modeling.

Outside the field of analytical chemistry, e. g. when used with the Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ( TDLAS ) technique, the absorbance is often defined using the natural logarithm instead of the common logarithm, i. e. as

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy ( AFS ) techniques are useful in other kinds of analysis / measurement of a compound present in air or water, or other media, such as CVAFS which is used for heavy metals detection, such as mercury.

High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ( HREELS ) is a tool used in surface science.

Spectroscopy consists of many different applications such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dual polarisation interferometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and so on.

Spectroscopy is a sufficiently broad field that many sub-disciplines exist, each with numerous implementations of specific spectroscopic techniques.

An important contribution to the field of Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer was his prediction of the phenomenon called Dicke narrowing ( aka collisional narrowing ): When the mean free path of an atom is much smaller than the wavelength of one of its radiation transitions, the atom changes velocity and direction many times during the emission or absorption of a photon.

By 1915, the subject of Stellar Spectroscopy had garnered substantial attention so that many scientists were devoting their efforts to discern its mysteries.

In recognition of his many significant accomplishments in the field of analytical chemistry and computer science, he received the Honorary Membership Award of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy in 1996, the Williams-Wright Award from the Coblentz Society in 1986.

* Spectroscopy in chemistry and physics, a method of analyzing the properties of matter from their electromagnetic interactions

* Dielectric spectroscopy, or Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, measures dielectric properties of medium as function of frequency

Other techniques for measuring the properties of thin films include Ellipsometry, Surface Plasmon Resonance ( SPR ) Spectroscopy, and Dual Polarisation Interferometry.

As head of the Plasma Spectroscopy Group at Culham, he led a programme of rocket observations of ultraviolet spectra of the sun and stars.

Spectroscopy becomes a method for studying what stars are made of.

: Spectroscopy and photometry of elliptical galaxies.

Spectroscopy does not generally refer to diffraction studies where particles such as neutrons, electrons, or high energy X-rays interact with a regular arrangement of molecules ( as in a crystal ).

The institute houses laboratories such as Sand Laboratory, Metallography Laboratory, Flexible Manufacturing System ( FMS ) Laboratory, Non-Destructive and Mechanical Testing Laboratories, Spectroscopy Laboratory, Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control Laboratory, Metrology Laboratory, and a Forging Laboratory.

The institute is subdivided into departments, such as the Department of Soft Condensed Matter and Fluids, the Department of Physical Chemistry of Supramolecular Complexes, the Department of Photochemistry and Spectroscopy and the Department of Quantum Theory of Solids and Molecules, this is also known as the PIPC.

Chemists are focusing on the energy exchange of different binding interactions and trying to develop scientific experiments to quantify the fundamental origins of these non-covalent interactions by utilizing various techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, surface tension, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

Spectroscopy ( for example ) determines what chemical elements a star is composed of.

Spectroscopy has revealed that Sedna's surface composition is similar to that of some other trans-Neptunian objects, being largely a mixture of water, methane and nitrogen ices with tholins.

* Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ( LIBS ), also called Laser-induced plasma spectrometry ( LIPS )

ATLAS-3 instruments, mounted on a Spacelab pallet in the cargo bay, included Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy ( ATMOS ), which collected more data on trace gases in the atmosphere than on all three of its previous flights combined ; Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer ( SSBUV ), which took ozone measurements to calibrate ozone monitor on aging NOAA-9 satellite as well as cooperative measurements with other ATLAS-3 instruments ; Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ( ACRIM ), which took extremely precise measurements of the sun's total radiation for 30 orbits as calibration reference for sister instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite ( UARS ) launched in 1991 ; Measurement of the Solar Constant ( SOLCON ), provided by Belgium, which also measured solar radiation but as reference point to track changes over years ; Solar Spectrum Measurement ( SOLSPEC ), French instrument, measured sun's radiation as function of wavelength ; and Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor ( SUSIM ), which collected its highest precision solar ultraviolet radiation measurements in its 15-year lifetime.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy is also a powerful technique to assign and characterize charge-transfer bands in these complexes.

Electrothermal AAS ( ET AAS ) using graphite tube atomizers was pioneered by Boris V. L ’ vov at the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute, Russia, since the late 1950s, and further investigated by Hans Massmann at the Institute of Spectrochemistry and Applied Spectroscopy ( ISAS ) in Dortmund, Germany.

A. Martinez, A. J. Criado, " Origin of El Cid's sword revealed by ICP-MS metal analysis ", Spectroscopy Europe, 11 / 4 ( 1999 ).

Published by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy.

These reflect fine details of the surface physics, and the technique of Field Electron Spectroscopy flourished for a while, before being superseded by newer surface-science techniques.

: Setting up the Acoustics Laboratory, directed by Richard Bolt, and the Spectroscopy Laboratory directed by the chemist Richard Lord.

or by electronic locking., as for example is done in the Noise-Immune Cavity-Enhanced Optical-Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy ( NICE-OHMS ) technique.

Each module consisted of both a NaI ( Tl ) Large Area Detector ( LAD ) covering the 20 keV to ~ 2 MeV range, 50. 48 cm in dia by 1. 27 cm thick, and a 12. 7 cm dia by 7. 62 cm thick NaI Spectroscopy Detector, which extended the upper energy range to 8 MeV, all surrounded by a plastic scintillator in active anti-coincidence to veto the large background rates due to cosmic rays and trapped radiation.

* Norrish's Nobel Lecture Some Fast Reactions in Gases Studied by Flash Photolysis and Kinetic Spectroscopy

and R. J. Clark, ‘ The Lindisfarne Gospels and two other 8th century Anglo-Saxon / Insular manuscripts: pigment identification by Raman microscopy .’ Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 35 ( 2004 ), pp. 4-12.

Advanced radiographic and Spectroscopy | spectrographic studies were enhanced by use of ingenious equipment at this NEL Submarine Research Facility, which possessed the only betatron on the West Coast.

The Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry was created in 1971 by merging the Max Planck Institutes for Physical Chemistry and for Spectroscopy in Göttingen.

On the invitation of Arnold Sommerfeld, he worked at the University of Munich, and on the creation by the Rockefeller Foundation of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry ( Madrid ), in 1930 he was named head of the Spectroscopy Section.