Includes Galápagos Islands, Hawaii, and Australia subcontinent, ( plus St. Helena Island, etc.

* St. Helena

After his final defeat, Napoleon was treated as a general by the British authorities during his second exile to Atlantic Isle of St. Helena.

His title was a matter of dispute with the governor of St Helena, who insisted on addressing him as " General Bonaparte ", despite the " historical reality that he had been an emperor " and therefore retained the title.

It has also been suggested that the island may not have been discovered until 30 July 1503 by a squadron under the command of Estêvão da Gama and that da Nova actually discovered Tristan da Cunha on the feast day of St Helena.

St Helena was much less frequently visited by Asia-bound ships, the northern trade winds taking ships towards the South American continent rather than the island.

Also, Lopo Homem-Reineis published the " Atlas Universal " about 1519 which clearly showed the locations of St Helena and Ascension.

Nevertheless, St Helena certainly once had a rich and dense inland forest.

Bermudez, the Patriarch of Abyssinia landed at St Helena in 1557 on a voyage to Portugal, remaining on the island for a year.

Three Japanese ambassadors on an embassy to the Pope also visited St Helena in 1583.

Once St Helena ’ s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home.

As a result, in 1592 Philip II of Spain and I of Portugal ( 1527 – 1598 ) ordered the annual fleet returning from Goa on no account to touch at St Helena.

The Dutch Republic formally made claim to St Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it.

' A View of the Town and Island of St Helena in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to the English East India Company ', engraving c. 1790

By 1649, the East India Company ordered all homeward-bound vessels to wait for one another at St Helena and in 1656 onward the Company petitioned the government to send a man-of-war to convoy the fleet home from there.

Having been granted a charter to govern the island by the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell in 1657, the following year the Company decided to fortify and colonise St Helena with planters.

A fleet commanded by Captain John Dutton ( first governor, 1659 – 1661 ) in the Marmaduke arrived at St Helena in 1659.

It is from this date that St Helena claims to be Britain ’ s second oldest colony ( after Bermuda ).

The East India Company immediately sought a Royal Charter, possibly to give their occupation of St Helena legitimacy.

Finding that the cape was not the ideal harbour they originally envisaged, the Dutch East India Company launched an armed invasion of St Helena from the Cape colony over Christmas 1672.

This he used to locate an East India Company flotilla sent to reinforce St Helena with fresh troops.

Acknowledging that St Helena was a place where there was no trade, the Company was permitted to send from England any provisions free of Customs and to convey as many settlers as required.

Against the background of this erosion, several years of drought and the general dependency of St Helena, in 1715 governor Isaac Pyke ( 1714 – 1719 ) made the serious suggestion to the Company that appreciable savings could be made by moving the population to Mauritius, evacuated by the French in 1710.

William Dampier called into St Helena in 1691 at the end of his first of three circumnavigations of the world and stated Jamestown comprised 20 – 30 small houses built with rough stones furnished with mean furniture.

The family was Byzantine Catholic and attended St. John Chrysostom Byzantine Catholic Church.

During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a trendy sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.

There he also received instruction in piano and counterpoint from professor Gustav Jacobsthal, and associated closely with Ernest Munch ( the brother of his former teacher ), organist of St William church, who was also a passionate admirer of J. S.

Similarly in St Peter: " Christ .. Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you " ( 1 Peter 1: 20 ), and " But the end of all things is at hand " ( 1 Peter 4: 7 ).

The custom of setting apart a special day for intercession for certain of the faithful on November 2 was first established by St. Odilo of Cluny ( d. 1048 ) at his abbey of Cluny in 998.

The legend connected with its foundation is given by Peter Damiani in his Life of St Odilo: a pilgrim returning from the Holy Land was cast by a storm on a desolate island.

By the Rule of St Benedict, which, until the Cluniac reforms, was the norm in the West, the abbot has jurisdiction over only one community.

Of these the precedence was originally yielded to the abbot of Glastonbury, until in AD 1154 Adrian IV ( Nicholas Breakspear ) granted it to the abbot of St Alban's, in which monastery he had been brought up.

When abbots dined in their own private hall, the Rule of St Benedict charged them to invite their monks to their table, provided there was room, on which occasions the guests were to abstain from quarrels, slanderous talk and idle gossiping.

Even the abbey of St Denis was held in commendam by Hugh Capet.

Theodosius ' wife St Flacilla was instrumental in his campaign to end Arianism.

The Mariner's Cross is also referred to as St. Clement's Cross, in reference to the way this saint was martyred ( being tied to an anchor and thrown from a boat into the Black Sea in 102 ).

St. Ambrose was also traditionally credited with composing the hymn Te Deum, which he is said to have composed when he baptised St. Augustine of Hippo, his celebrated convert.

Common meter hymns were interchangeable with a variety of tunes ; more than twenty musical settings of " Amazing Grace " circulated with varying popularity until 1835 when William Walker assigned Newton's words to a traditional song named " New Britain ", which was itself an amalgamation of two melodies (" Gallaher " and " St. Mary ") first published in the Columbian Harmony by Charles H. Spilman and Benjamin Shaw ( Cincinnati, 1829 ).

It was recorded in St. Paul's, the chapel at Columbia University, chosen for the acoustics.

From 796 until his death he was Abbot of the great monastery of St. Martin of Tours where he founded a library by obtaining copies of books from libraries in his native England.

Damaged buildings included the medieval churches of St. Foillan, St. Paul and St. Nicholas, and the Rathaus ( city hall ), although Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed.

She died broken-hearted in July of the next year, at the castle of Poissy, and was buried in the Convent of St Corentin, near Nantes.

Another sister, Gertrude, married Andrew II of Hungary and was the mother of St. Elizabeth of Hungary.

The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).