By Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kérouaille ( 1649 – 1734 ), created Duchess of Portsmouth in her own right ( 1673 )

By May 1, 1649, the Huron burned 15 of their villages to prevent their stores from being taken and fled as refugees to surrounding tribes.

By 1649, both the Jesuit mission and the Huron society were almost completely destroyed by Iroquois invasions ( see Canadian Martyrs ).

By 1649 his national notoriety was such that he was widely rumoured to have been Charles I's executioner.

By 1649, the area had a large enough population to support its own church, called the North Meeting House.

By 1649 Winslow had traveled to England to serve the Puritan government of Oliver Cromwell, never to return to Plymouth.

By 29 May 1649, a few months after the King's execution, they had succeeded and an Act of Parliament was passed ( later known as " The Pretended Act ") which restored them to the undertaking and gave their claim to the enclosures the force of law.

By the end of the period, known as Confederate Ireland, in 1649 the only remaining Parliamentarian outpost in Ireland was in Dublin, under the command of Colonel Michael Jones.

By 1649, Ireland had already been at war for eight years, since the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.

By 1649, the English Parliament held only two small enclaves in Ireland – at Dublin and Derry.

The Irish association of Arbutus in English gardens is reflected in the inventory taken in 1649 of Henrietta Maria's Wimbledon: " one very fayre tree, called the Irish arbutis parte of the sayd kitchin garden, very lovely to look upon " By the 18th century Arbutus unedo was well known enough in English gardens for Batty Langley to make the bold and impractical suggestion that it might be used for hedges, though it " will not admit of being clipped as other evergreens are.

By the autumn of 1649 the debate began to centre on the specific question of the Oath of Allegiance and the Engagement to the Commonwealth: Two Acts of Parliament were passed requiring people to take an Oath of Allegiance to the Commonwealth, on 11 / 12 October 1649, and on 2 January 1650.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By far the largest regional market was the Middle East, to which Brazil sold approximately 50 % of its arms from 1977 through 1988.

By the early 18th century, this initial portrayal was rejected by the Dominicans and Franciscans, creating a dispute among Catholics in East Asia that was known as the " Rites Controversy ".

By comparison, the former colony of the United Province of Canada ( divided into the District of Canada East, and the District of Canada West ) and the western provinces were dozens of times larger and in some cases were expanded to take in territory formerly held in British Crown grants to companies such as the Hudson's Bay Company ; in particular the November 19, 1869 sale of Rupert's Land to the Government of Canada under the Rupert's Land Act 1868 was facilitated in part by Maritime taxpayers.

By 1611, shareholders in the East India Company were earning an almost 150 % return on their investment.

By 1991 the communist governments of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania, all of which had been imposed after World War II, were brought down as revolution swept Eastern Europe.

By 1692, Elihu Yale's repeated flouting of East India Company regulations and growing embarrassment at his illegal profiteering resulted in his being relieved of the post of governor.

By the mid-1960s, the East Pakistan was accounting for less than 60 % of the nation's export earnings, and by the time of Bangladesh's independence in 1971, this percentage had dipped below 50 %.

By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's " Decade of Progress ," with its successful " green revolution " in wheat, and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while the East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level.

By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East.

By this theory, the name of the Geordie lamp attached to the North East pit men themselves.

By 1866 any native of the North East could be called a Geordie.

By 2006, only two elderly Cubans still crossed the base's North East Gate daily to work on the base, because the Cuban government prohibits new recruitment.

By contrast, East Germany renounced ties to the Nazi past, styling itself the " anti-fascist rampart " and proclaiming itself the first socialist state on German soil.

By late 1944, the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain were closing in on Germany in the West, while the Soviets were closing from the East.

By 1963, Holden was exporting cars to Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Caribbean.

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By November 1944, they had thrown out the Germans, being with Yugoslavia the only East European nations to do so without any assistance from the Soviet Army.

By the 6th century the majority of the modern county was part of the East Saxon kingdom.

By the 16th century, the Dutch East India Company established a replenishing station at Table Bay for restocking water and purchasing meat from the Khoikhoi.

By the Middle Bronze Age, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects ( distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the product ) appeared in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia.

By the 7th century the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the East, under the name of the Conception ( active ) of Saint Anne.

By 1669, the Dutch East India Company was the richest private company in history, with a huge fleet of merchant ships and warships, tens of thousands of employees, a private army consisting of thousands of soldiers, and a reputation on the part of its stockholders for high dividend payments.

) By 1818 the East India Company was master of all of India.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

Zinc metal was also becoming more commonplace By 1513 metallic zinc ingots from India and China were arriving in London and pellets of zinc condensed in furnace flues at the Rammelsberg in Germany were exploited for cementation brass making from around 1550.

By the end of 1346, reports of plague had reached the seaports of Europe: " India was depopulated, Tartary, Mesopotamia, Syria, Armenia were covered with dead bodies ".

By contrast, curry powders and pastes produced and consumed in India are extremely diverse ; some red, some yellow, some brown ; some with five spices and some with as many as 20 or more.

By his compromises in India with the Christians of St. Thomas, he developed the Jesuit missionary methods along lines that subsequently became a successful blueprint for his order to follow.

By the 13th century, Hindustān emerged as a popular alternative name of India, meaning the " land of Hindus ".< ref >

By 1751, Ahmad Shah Durrani and his Afghan army conquered the entire present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Khorasan and Kohistan provinces of Iran, along with Delhi in India.

By July 1942, the British and Indian forces in Burma had completed their fighting retreat back into India, and Alexander, having yet again been mentioned in despatches for his Burma service, was recalled to the United Kingdom.

By the 18th century the land was incorporated into British India.

By Article 75 of the constitution of India, remuneration of the prime minister as well as other ministers are to be decided by the Parliament and is renewed from time to time.

By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act ( FERA ).

By then, the entire coastal area was under the British East India Company, as a result of the Treaty of Amiens.

By 1000 BCE, medical systems based upon herbs could be found in China, Korea, and India.

By then most production had moved to India and China.

By 1910, Argentina, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Malaya, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States had Boy Scouts.

By the end of 1971, Khan soon faced another war with India that lasted less than two weeks.

By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive.