It is here also, that Bakhtin differentiates himself from the Formalists, who, he felt, underestimated the importance of content while oversimplifying change, and the Structuralists, who too rigidly adhered to the concept of " code.

Structuralists also seek to understand the historical interpretation of cultural concepts, but focus their efforts on understanding how those concepts were understood by the author in his or her own time, rather than how they may be understood by the reader in the present.

Such realities were not to be dissected, in the manner of some Structuralists, as a system of facts that could exist independently from values and paradigms ( either those of the analysts or the subjects themselves ), but to be understood as both causes and effects of each other.

For this reason, most Post-structuralists hold a more open-ended view of function within systems than did Structuralists and were sometimes accused of circularity and ambiguity.

Post-structuralists, unlike Structuralists, did not privilege a system of ( abstract ) " relations " over the specifics to which such relations were applied, but tended to see the notion of “ the relation ” or of systemization itself as part-and-parcel of any stated conclusion rather than a reflection of reality as an independent, self-contained state or object.

Hicks writes, " In effect, the Structuralists were seeking subjective noumenal categories, and the Phenomenologists were content with describing the phenomena without asking what connection to an external reality those experiences might have.

The importance of technology, multinational corporations, and State promotion of technology were emphasised by the Latin American Structuralists.

In this limited sense, there is a nascent Relativism and Constructionism within the French Structuralists that was consciously addressed by them but never examined to the point of dismantling their reductionist tendencies.

Unlike Structuralists, however, the Post-structuralists questioned the division between relation and component and, correspondingly, did not attempt to reduce the subjects of their study to an essential set of relations that could be portrayed with abstract, functional schemes or mathematical symbols ( as in Claude Lévi-Strauss's algebraic formulation of mythological transformation in " The Structural Study of Myth ").

Post-structuralists, in contrast to Structuralists, tend to place a great deal of skepticism on the independence of theoretical premises from collective bias and the influence of power, and reject the notion of a " pure " or " scientific " methodology in social analysis, semiotics or philosophical speculation.

Structuralists influenced by humanistic sociology will interpret data in terms of opposing valuations, contrasts, and relations.

Structuralists view the state in a capitalist mode of production as taking a specifically capitalist form, not because particular individuals are in powerful positions, but because the state reproduces the logic of capitalist structure in its economic, legal, and political institutions.

Structuralists would thus argue that the state and its institutions have a certain degree of independence from specific elites in the ruling or capitalist class.

We are also struck by the fact that this story of a boy's love for his mother does not offend, while the incestuous love of the man, Paul Morel, sometimes repels.

Young Morris, who, while attending the University of Pennsylvania, also taught and edited a paper, found time to write Henrietta twenty-page letters on everything that engaged his interest, from the acting of Sarah Bernhardt in Philadelphia to his reactions to the comments of `` Sulamith '' on the Jewish reform movement being promulgated by the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

He caused a lot of talk when he also chose the breakfast hour to have the barber come in and trim his hair while he ate.

A. M. Wergeland called the Adams method literally antihistorical, while Clive Day maintained that the assumptions were not confined to theories alone but were also applicable to straight factual evidence.

A student who while in attendance at Carleton College participates in an athletic contest during the school year, other than that sponsored by the College, shall be permanently ineligible to participate in intercollegiate athletics at Carleton College and will also face permanent suspension from the institution.

We also worked out logistics for Sunday afternoon swimmers who arrive two hours early with their weekend guests while we are still enjoying an alfresco lunch en famille.

We have come to you to experience something of your way of life while also attempting to acquaint you with that of ours.

Fromm also cites a poll on attitudes toward work restriction conducted by the Opinion Research Corporation in 1945, in which 49 per cent of manual workers said a man ought to turn out as much as he could in a day's work, while 41 per cent said he should not do his best but should turn out only the average amount.

It is also sufficient to show the Christian and any other champion of justice that he needs to make sure not only that his cause is just but also that his conduct is just, i.e., that, if economic pressure has to be resorted to, this be applied directly against those persons directly in the way of some salutary change in business or institutional practices, while, if injury fall upon others, it fall upon them indirectly and secondarily ( however inevitably ) and not by deliberate intent and direct action against them.

You'd have to wait till Seaton's back from Mexico City and also while I set it up with Doris to have her have an alibi for D-night.

When looking for a long-term partner more conventional altruism may be preferred which may indicate that he is also willing to share resources with her and her children while when looking for a short-term partner heroic risk-taking, which may be costly signal showing good genes, may be more preferable.

Such altruism may only extend to ingroup members while there may instead prejudice and antagonism against outgroup members ( See also in-group favoritism ).

It is important to note that, while research supports the idea that altruistic acts bring about happiness, it has also been found to work in the opposite direction — that happier people are also kinder.

Additionally, while generous acts make people feel good about themselves, it is also important for people to appreciate the kindness they receive from others.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

Kemeny and Kurtz observe that while " undisciplined " use of unconditional GOTOs and conditional IF-THEN GOTOs can result in " spaghetti code " a programmer can write structured programs using these instructions ; on the other hand " it is also possible, and not too hard, to write badly structured programs in a structured language ".

Through Heigo, Akira devoured not only films but also theater and circus performances, while exhibiting his paintings and working for the left-wing Proletarian Artists ' League.

Marc also formed a group with Black Silver called Live Black, but while five of their tracks were released on a demo CD sold at concerts, Live Black's first album has yet to be released.

John Hick also raises some questions regarding personal identity in his book, Death and Eternal Life using an interesting example of a person ceasing to exist in one place while an exact replica appears in another.

The role of fine art has been to simultaneously express values of the current culture while also offering criticism, balance, or alternatives to any such values that are proving no longer useful.

However, applets have very little control over web page content outside the applet dedicated area, so they are less useful for improving the site appearance in general ( while applets like news tickers or WYSIWYG editors are also known ).

Semi-permanent mooring anchors ( such as mushroom anchors ) and large ship's anchors derive a significant portion of their holding power from their mass, while also hooking or embedding in the bottom.

The poems which were addressed to her, while they are far more restrained than those of `` Love In Dian's Lap '', show no great technical advance over those of the `` Narrow Vessel '' group and are, if anything, somewhat more labored.

And while all concerned are members of the literal public, somewhat less than all concerned, although still a majority, form the quotation marked `` public ''.

Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

His straightforward, abrupt manner savoured sometimes of gruffness, while his direct, unadorned method of expressing himself harmonized well with his rough-hewn, immobile features and somewhat sluggish movements.

Governor John Volpe interceded in the 1950s to send the last section of the Central Artery underground, through the Dewey Square Tunnel ; while traffic moved somewhat better, the other problems remained.

The bond results because the metal atoms become somewhat positively charged due to loss of their electrons, while the electrons remain attracted to many atoms, without being part of any given atom.

Germany and Spain operate the Taurus missile while Pakistan has developed its own cruise missile somewhat similar to Tomahawk cruise missile, named the Babur missile.

The 1200 used 1200 ns core while the 800 featured the SuperNOVA ’ s 800 ns core, explaining the somewhat confusing naming where the lower number represents the faster machine.

This action was somewhat surprising, as Levi had not only attempted to purchase Ethan's release while he was in Halifax, but he had also traveled to New York while Ethan was on parole there, and furnished him with goods and money.

However, this approach has been only somewhat more effective than the harmonization approach: while states are not as concerned about having foreign traditions of corporate governance imposed on their companies, which the harmonization approach could well entail ; they also wish to ensure that the EU-wide system would be palatable to the traditions of their national companies, so that they will not be put at a disadvantage compared to the other member states.

The " National Party ", representing the centre or centre-left of the assembly, included Honoré Mirabeau, La Fayette, and Bailly ; while Adrien Duport, Barnave and Alexandre Lameth represented somewhat more extreme views.

Having failed once, Watson and Crick were now somewhat reluctant to try again and for a while they were forbidden to make further efforts to find a molecular model of DNA.

In military use, the standard hand cannon was tremendously powerful, while also being somewhat useless due to relative inability of the gunner to aim the weapon, or control the ballistic properties of the projectile.

The real population transfer figures are somewhat contested by historians, though the general perception is that significant portion of local population had remained, while the exile was largely of the nobility class.

Mattie, while talented, is naïve and apparently somewhat unstable ; she has an apparent electra complex and declares that she will only refer to Urquhart as ' Daddy ', a word that later figures prominently in Urquhart's painful flashbacks of her.

The terminology is somewhat confusing: inverse limits are limits, while direct limits are colimits.

The exact nature of the " re-discovery " has been somewhat debated: De Vries published first on the subject, mentioning Mendel in a footnote, while Correns pointed out Mendel's priority after having read De Vries's paper and realizing that he himself did not have priority.

However, while the creators of the literary character of Morgan may have been somewhat inspired by the much older tales of the goddess, the relationship ends there.

Thus non-standard language varieties ( such as African American Vernacular English ) are considered to be natural while standard language varieties ( such as Standard American English ) which are more prescribed can be considered to be at least somewhat artificial or constructed.

Following substantial criticism during her tenure as first lady, she was seen somewhat as a national heroine, praised by many for supporting and caring for her husband while he suffered from Alzheimer's disease.

Also, while still very much a totalitarian state, the DPRK had become somewhat less rigid than in Kim Il Sung's day.

For those who have healthy kidneys, it is somewhat difficult to drink too much water, but ( especially in warm humid weather and while exercising ) it is dangerous to drink too little.

His confessions were somewhat different from others in that while he pled guilty to the " sum total of crimes ," he denied knowledge when it came to specific crimes.

The distinction between " organic " and " inorganic " carbon compounds, while " useful in organizing the vast subject of chemistry ... is somewhat arbitrary ".