Studies of membership trends, even in some areas where population is expanding, show that numbers of churches have had little net increase, though many new members were received.

Studies have found that generosity increases linearly from sad to happy affective states.

Studies have also been careful to note that feeling over-taxed by the needs of others has conversely negative effects on health and happiness.

Studies examining falls in this population show that 74-93 % of patients have fallen at least once in the past year and up to 60 % admit to fear of falling.

Studies with crickets have shown that a fear of spiders can develop before birth.

Studies of phytoplankton stocks in the southern sea have shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is dominated by diatoms, while the Weddell Sea has abundant coccolithophorids and silicoflagellates.

Studies using mice have shown a similar treatment results in a permanent cure for about a third of the test subjects.

Studies have shown that numerous biological systems, such as Xenopus oocyte maturation, mammalian calcium signal transduction, and polarity in budding yeast, incorporate temporal ( slow and fast ) positive feedback loops, or more than one feedback loop that occurs at different times.

Studies have attempted to estimate a monetary loss for industries affected by piracy by predicting what portion of pirated works would have been formally purchased if they had not been freely available.

Studies have also found significant levels of toxins in fish and the waters they inhabit within the basin.

Starting in the 1980s, an expanding community of neuroscientists and psychologists have associated themselves with a field called Consciousness Studies, giving rise to a stream of experimental work published in books, journals such as Consciousness and Cognition, and methodological work published in journals such as the Journal of Consciousness Studies, along with regular conferences organized by groups such as the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness.

Studies of the neuroscience of free will have also shown that the experiences that people report when they behave purposefully sometimes do not correspond to their actual behaviors or to the patterns of electrical activity recorded from their brains.

Studies conducted by the APPA show substantial evidence that young adults who feel a sense of belonging in a community, particularly small communities, develop fewer psychiatric and depressive disorders than those who do not have the feeling of love and belonging.

Studies have shown that the amount of glycerol in cervical fluid increases during sexual excitement.

Studies have found 50-85 % of conditioned athletes have benign sinus bradycardia, as compared to 23 % of the general population studied.

Studies have demonstrated that, due to the high incidence of accidents at these sites, some such segregated schemes can actually increase the number of car-bike collisions.

Studies in the brine shrimp have examined how water affects cell functions ; these saw that a 20 % reduction in the amount of water in a cell inhibits metabolism, with metabolism decreasing progressively as the cell dries out and all metabolic activity halting when the water level reaches 70 % below normal.

Studies on raccoons in the Southeast have yielded infection rates ranging from 47 % to as low as 15. 5 %.

Studies have been conducted to isolate the genes involved in the substance's production, so that it could be obtained recombinantly.

Studies showed that dentists graduated from different countries, or even from different dental schools in one country, may have different clinical decisions for the same clinical condition.

Studies have shown that, in many environments, the rate of erosion and runoff decreases exponentially with increased vegetation cover.

Studies have also shown that the PFC is extremely involved with autonoetic consciousness ( See Tulving's theory ).

Studies of CIAT have shown that further improvement is possible even after a patient has reached a " plateau " period of recovery.

Studies have shown that while test scores have improved over time, the improvement is not fully correlated with latent factors related to intelligence.

Studies have shown hydrocodone is stronger than codeine but only one-tenth as potent as morphine at binding to receptors and reported to be only 59 % as potent as morphine in analgesic properties.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

Studies have shown that heterosexual men and lesbians have different standards for what they consider attractive in women.

Studies by doctors have also shown in Hong Kong that the game is beneficial for individuals suffering from dementia or cognitive memory difficulties, leading to the development of mahjong therapy.

Studies examining the role of pro-and anti-apoptotic factors support this model ; for example, the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 has been shown to interact with IP3Rs to reduce Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > filling of the ER, leading to reduced efflux at the MAM and preventing collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential post-apoptotic stimuli.

Studies have shown that morphine can alter the expression of a number of genes.

Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years.

Studies in 2007 have catalogued nucleosome positions in yeast and shown that nucleosomes are depleted in promoter regions and origins of replication.

Studies have shown that the abundances of these light elements are much lower than models of stellar evolution predict.

Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.

Studies of production computer systems have consistently shown that a large fraction of all user-chosen passwords are readily guessed automatically.

Studies with sensory deprivation have shown that the brain is dependent on signals from the outer world to function properly.

Studies have shown that the invention and development of the railway in Europe was one of the most important technological inventions of the late 19th century for the United States, without which, GDP would have been lower by 7. 0 % in 1890.

Studies have shown that half of all patients whose treatment was delayed had complete loss of response to facial nerve stimulation.

Studies using neuropsychological tests and brain imaging technologies such as fMRI and PET to examine functional differences in brain activity have shown that differences seem to most commonly occur in the frontal lobes, hippocampus and temporal lobes.

Studies have indicated that variation in genes can play an important role in the development of mental disorders, although the reliable identification of connections between specific genes and specific categories of disorder has proven more difficult.

Studies in patients that were a subject to bilateral cingulotomy, that involved fMRI analyses, showed that the anterior cingulate cortex has a key role in cognitive control and is highly likely to be involved in the control of attentional response, whereas the dorsal part of that region of the brain was not identified to be involved in such a process, although this is still under dispute.

Studies of the eclipsing ternary Algol led to the Algol paradox in the theory of stellar evolution: although components of a binary star form at the same time, and massive stars evolve much faster than the less massive ones, it was observed that the more massive component Algol A is still in the main sequence, while the less massive Algol B is a subgiant star at a later evolutionary stage.

In an August 2010 report, the Center for Immigration Studies, through direct communication with foreign government officials and analysis of relevant foreign law including statutory and constitutional law, was able to confirm that 30 of the world's 194 countries grant automatic birthright citizenship ( although they were not able to obtain definitive information from 19 countries ).

Studies have demonstrated that new gene mutations for achondroplasia are exclusively inherited from the father and occur during spermatogenesis ; it is theorized that oogenesis has some regulatory mechanism that hinders the mutation from originally occurring in females ( although females are still readily able to inherit and pass on the mutant allele ).

International Relations ( IR ) ( occasionally referred to as International Studies ( IS ), although the two terms are not perfectly synonymous ) is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations ( IGOs ), international nongovernmental organizations ( INGOs ), non-governmental organizations ( NGOs ) and multinational corporations ( MNCs ).

Studies show that although Jews in France only amounted to one percent of the French population, they comprised about fifteen to twenty percent of the Résistance.

King's offers all undergraduate courses available at the University, except for education, Land Economy and veterinary medicine, although Directors of Studies for Anglo-Saxon Norse & Celtic, Geography, and Management Studies all visit from other colleges.

* Ward Churchill, a former professor of Ethnic Studies at the University of Colorado who claimed to be Cherokee, although his genealogy shows no non-white ancestry.

Studies on centipede activity rhythms confirm this, although there are a few observations of centipedes active during the day and one species Strigamia chinophila that is diurnal.

President Nathan M. Pusey is credited with initiating the program in 1945, although Professor Waples chaired the Freshman Studies Committee and was responsible for implementing the program.

In addition to these two loose groupings, a number of prominent Irish poets of the second half of the 20th century could be described as outsiders, although these poets could also be considered leaders of a mainstream tradition in the Republic which was critically eclipsed by the Ulster-centric focus of American and British-based Irish Studies academics and the prejudices of others who are gender study specialists.

A study published in 2010 and conducted by Boian S. Alexandrov and colleagues at the Center for Nonlinear Studies at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico created mathematical models predicting how terahertz radiation would interact with double-stranded DNA, showing that, even though involved forces seem to be tiny, nonlinear resonances ( although much less likely to form than less-powerful common resonances ) could allow terahertz waves to " unzip double-stranded DNA, creating bubbles in the double strand that could significantly interfere with processes such as gene expression and DNA replication ".

As a field, it is most closely tied to anthropology and sociology, although a degree program in Intercultural Relations or Intercultural Studies may also include the study of history, research methods, urban studies, gender studies, public health, many various natural sciences, human development, political science, psychology, and linguistics or other language training.

The university is divided into three faculties: Arts, Celtic Studies and Philosophy ; Science and Engineering ; Social Sciences, with most students studying within one of these streams ( although some cross-discipline courses are available ).

He retired in 2002, although the Department of Perceptual Studies continues his work.

Studies have shown that the use of a HUD during landings decreases the lateral deviation from centerline in all landing conditions, although the touchdown point along the centerline is not changed.

Panofsky codified an influential approach to iconography in his 1939 Studies in Iconology, where he defined it as " the branch of the history of art which concerns itself with the subject matter or meaning of works of art, as opposed to form ," although the distinction he and other scholars drew between particular definitions of " iconography " ( put simply, the identification of visual content ) and " iconology " ( the analysis of the meaning of that content ), has not been generally accepted, though it is still used by some writers.

Because many of Gulkowitsch ’ s writings after 1933 were published in German in Estonia, they were actually not very well distributed and did not become part of the scholarly discourse of Jewish Studies, although they are of an extremely high quality and put Gulkowitsch clearly at the forefront of his area.

The Faculty of Letters ( Portuguese: Faculdade de Letras ), FLUL, was created in 1911, although it's predated by the Superior Studies in Letters ( Curso Superior de Letras ), created in 1859 by King Pedro V, from which all students and professors were transferred.

Studies have clearly shown that, although with a mean annual flow of around ( ranging at Barcoo from an estimated in 1902 to an estimated in 1950 ) the Cooper carries twice as much runoff as the Diamantina and three times as much as the Georgina, over the past ten thousand years it has reached Lake Eyre much less frequently than those rivers.

Studies have suggested that interference with certain post-translational modification processes seem to have quite a high selectivity for targeting cells displaying tumour phenotypes although the reason for this is a matter of controversy ( as will be explained below ).

Similar missions, although more likely to be clandestine, deeper penetrating, and more like Special reconnaissance, were run in Vietnam by the Military Assistance Command Vietnam ( MACV ) Studies and Observation Group ( SOG ).