Studies of membership trends, even in some areas where population is expanding, show that numbers of churches have had little net increase, though many new members were received.

Studies have found that generosity increases linearly from sad to happy affective states.

Studies have also been careful to note that feeling over-taxed by the needs of others has conversely negative effects on health and happiness.

Studies examining falls in this population show that 74-93 % of patients have fallen at least once in the past year and up to 60 % admit to fear of falling.

Studies with crickets have shown that a fear of spiders can develop before birth.

Studies of phytoplankton stocks in the southern sea have shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is dominated by diatoms, while the Weddell Sea has abundant coccolithophorids and silicoflagellates.

Studies using mice have shown a similar treatment results in a permanent cure for about a third of the test subjects.

Studies have shown that numerous biological systems, such as Xenopus oocyte maturation, mammalian calcium signal transduction, and polarity in budding yeast, incorporate temporal ( slow and fast ) positive feedback loops, or more than one feedback loop that occurs at different times.

Studies have attempted to estimate a monetary loss for industries affected by piracy by predicting what portion of pirated works would have been formally purchased if they had not been freely available.

Studies have also found significant levels of toxins in fish and the waters they inhabit within the basin.

Starting in the 1980s, an expanding community of neuroscientists and psychologists have associated themselves with a field called Consciousness Studies, giving rise to a stream of experimental work published in books, journals such as Consciousness and Cognition, and methodological work published in journals such as the Journal of Consciousness Studies, along with regular conferences organized by groups such as the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness.

Studies of the neuroscience of free will have also shown that the experiences that people report when they behave purposefully sometimes do not correspond to their actual behaviors or to the patterns of electrical activity recorded from their brains.

Studies conducted by the APPA show substantial evidence that young adults who feel a sense of belonging in a community, particularly small communities, develop fewer psychiatric and depressive disorders than those who do not have the feeling of love and belonging.

Studies have shown that the amount of glycerol in cervical fluid increases during sexual excitement.

Studies have found 50-85 % of conditioned athletes have benign sinus bradycardia, as compared to 23 % of the general population studied.

Studies have demonstrated that, due to the high incidence of accidents at these sites, some such segregated schemes can actually increase the number of car-bike collisions.

Studies in the brine shrimp have examined how water affects cell functions ; these saw that a 20 % reduction in the amount of water in a cell inhibits metabolism, with metabolism decreasing progressively as the cell dries out and all metabolic activity halting when the water level reaches 70 % below normal.

Studies on raccoons in the Southeast have yielded infection rates ranging from 47 % to as low as 15. 5 %.

Studies have been conducted to isolate the genes involved in the substance's production, so that it could be obtained recombinantly.

Studies showed that dentists graduated from different countries, or even from different dental schools in one country, may have different clinical decisions for the same clinical condition.

Studies have shown that, in many environments, the rate of erosion and runoff decreases exponentially with increased vegetation cover.

Studies have also shown that the PFC is extremely involved with autonoetic consciousness ( See Tulving's theory ).

Studies of CIAT have shown that further improvement is possible even after a patient has reached a " plateau " period of recovery.

Studies have shown that while test scores have improved over time, the improvement is not fully correlated with latent factors related to intelligence.

Studies have shown hydrocodone is stronger than codeine but only one-tenth as potent as morphine at binding to receptors and reported to be only 59 % as potent as morphine in analgesic properties.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

Studies have shown that heterosexual men and lesbians have different standards for what they consider attractive in women.

Studies by doctors have also shown in Hong Kong that the game is beneficial for individuals suffering from dementia or cognitive memory difficulties, leading to the development of mahjong therapy.

Studies examining the role of pro-and anti-apoptotic factors support this model ; for example, the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 has been shown to interact with IP3Rs to reduce Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > filling of the ER, leading to reduced efflux at the MAM and preventing collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential post-apoptotic stimuli.

Studies have shown that morphine can alter the expression of a number of genes.

Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years.

Studies in 2007 have catalogued nucleosome positions in yeast and shown that nucleosomes are depleted in promoter regions and origins of replication.

Studies have shown that the abundances of these light elements are much lower than models of stellar evolution predict.

Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.

Studies of production computer systems have consistently shown that a large fraction of all user-chosen passwords are readily guessed automatically.

Studies with sensory deprivation have shown that the brain is dependent on signals from the outer world to function properly.

Studies have shown that the invention and development of the railway in Europe was one of the most important technological inventions of the late 19th century for the United States, without which, GDP would have been lower by 7. 0 % in 1890.

Studies have shown that half of all patients whose treatment was delayed had complete loss of response to facial nerve stimulation.

Studies using neuropsychological tests and brain imaging technologies such as fMRI and PET to examine functional differences in brain activity have shown that differences seem to most commonly occur in the frontal lobes, hippocampus and temporal lobes.

Studies done on specific disorders often recruit patients whose symptoms match the criteria listed in the DSM for that disorder.

Studies involving countries or business firms are often of this type.

Studies have shown that, apart from the incalculable benefit to human well-being, every dollar invested in meteorological and hydrological services produces an economic return many times greater, often ten times or more.

The Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies is a regionally acclaimed policy-studies institute that is often referred to as a think tank.

Studies of bird migration including aspects of navigation, orientation and physiology are often studied using captive birds in special cages that record their activities.

Studies of migration using bird ringing or colour marking often involve the cooperation of people and organizations in different countries.

Studies have shown, however, that individual, separate witness testimony is often flawed, and parts of it can be meaningless.

Studies have shown that higher levels of type-B LDL particles ( as opposed to type-A LDL particles ) promote health problems and cardiovascular disease, they are often informally called the bad cholesterol particles, ( as opposed to HDL particles, which are frequently referred to as good cholesterol or healthy cholesterol particles ).

Studies therefore have often instead used more unreliable measurements from blood or saliva.

The American Academy in Rome, founded in 1894 originally as the American School of Classical Studies is often cited as the early model for what would become the modern arts and humanities colony.

Other performers of his works ( often in arrangement for live musicians ) include Thomas Adès, Alarm Will Sound and ensemble Calefax from the Netherlands who also recorded the Studies for player piano, already called ' Best CD of 2009 ' by Dutch newspaper Het Parool.

Sertraline is often used in combination with stimulant medication for the treatment of co-morbid depression and / or anxiety in ADHD Studies have shown there was an increase in the concentration of amphetamine in the brain in rats pretreated with 5 mg / kg sertraline.

Studies of human heritability often utilise adoption study designs, often with identical twins who have been separated early in life and raised in different environments ( see for example Fig.

Studies of brain function, such as memory and social behavior, often use rats and birds.

In addition, in this same period the confessional, whose origin is often traced to the publication in 1959 of Robert Lowell's Life Studies, and beat schools of poetry enjoyed popular and academic success, producing such widely anthologized voices as Allen Ginsberg, Charles Bukowski, Gary Snyder, Anne Sexton, and Sylvia Plath, among many others.

Studies have shown that the psychological damage is often particularly severe when sexual assault is committed by parents against children due to the incestuous nature of the assault.

Studies have shown that subjectivity as well as appraiser bias is often a problem perceived by as many as half of employees.

Studies have indicated that adolescent girls are often in abusive relationships at the time of their conceiving.

Studies have shown that the general population respond to people with a disfigurement with less trust, less respect and often try to avoid making contact or having to look at the disfigurement.

Some universities also require that students complete an experience based course (" Practical Legal Studies " / " Law clinic "); a credit comprising independent research exclusively is often offered as an elective, and at some universities is a degree requirement.

* Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, often abbreviated to ITS Leeds

Among the professors, besides lawyers, experts in German Studies and historians were especially common, due to the fact that under the sway of restoration politics, academic meetings in such disciplines, e. g. the Germanisten-Tage of 1846 and 1847, were often the only occasions where national themes could be discussed freely.

Although his manic depression was often a great burden ( for himself and his family ), the subject of that mental illness led to some of his most important poetry, particularly as it manifested itself in his book Life Studies.