There is no agreement on when and where this Urheimat existed, though the language is generally believed to have originated somewhere in or near the region stretching from the Levant / Near East to the area between the Eastern Sahara and the Horn of Africa, including Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan.

The image to the right was discovered in Sudan, which is the contemporary name for the territory of Nubia during the period in which the artifact was made, during the 4th century BC.

* Amputation is used as a legal punishment in a number of countries, among them Iran, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Islamic regions of Nigeria.

The larger, northern portion of the basin is bounded within Chad by the Tibesti Mountains in the northwest, the Ennedi Plateau in the northeast, the Ouaddaï Highlands in the east along the border with Sudan, the Guéra Massif in central Chad, and the Mandara Mountains along Chad's southwestern border with Cameroon.

There is also a route across Sudan, to the Red Sea, but very little trade goes this way.

It is bordered by the countries of Cameroon, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.

), or when one allied country is in war with another ( as is Chad – Sudan ).

He is a well-respected Sunni cleric who studied in the Sudan, Iran and Saudi Arabia.

* His full title is Pope and Lord Archbishop of the Great City of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle that is, in Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and all Africa.

* Lake Albert: two small ports on the DRC side, Kisenye near Bunia and Mahadi-Port in the north can link to Ugandan ports at Butiabo and Pakwach ( served by Uganda Railways ) on the Albert Nile, which is navigable as far as Nimule in southern Sudan.

* * Ras Hadarba lies within the Hala ' ib triangle which is claimed by Sudan but occupied by Egypt.

Egypt's policy on Sudan is that it is in favor of a united Sudan.

Together with northern Somalia, Djibouti, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan, Eritrea is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt ( or " Ta Netjeru ," meaning god's land ), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC.

Expeditions by Ezana into the Kingdom of Kush at Meroe in Sudan may have brought about its demise, though there is evidence that the kingdom was experiencing a period of decline beforehand.

Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea, on the west and northwest by Sudan, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the southeast by Djibouti.

More recently, fish, flowers, salt, and textiles have joined the list of exports, and Sudan is no longer a major trading partner.

Petroleum requirements are met via imports of refined products, although some oil is being hauled overland from Sudan.

In April 1989, Idriss Déby, one of Habré's leading generals and a Zaghawa, defected and fled to Darfur in Sudan, from which he mounted a Zaghawa-supported series of attacks on Habré ( a Gorane ).

Sudan was one of the contributors to the peacekeeping force of the he Community of Sahel-Saharan States ( CEN-SAD ) in Central African Republic in 2001-2002.

Following the decisive Ethiopian victory at Adwa, Menelik II rapidly negotiated a series of treaties fixing Ethiopia's boundaries — with French Somaliland in March 1897, British Somaliland a few months later in June 1897, with Italian Eritrea in 1900, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1902, British East Africa in 1907, and Italian Somaliland in 1908 — which simplified this problem on one level.

* Sudan University of Science and Technology, one of the leading engineering and technology schools in Sudan, founded in 1932 as Khartoum Technical Institute and has been given its present name in 1991.

This is one of the universities in Sudan that maintains English as the language of instruction.

The surrounding Niger River Basin is one of the distinct physiographic sections of the Sudan province, which in turn is part of the larger African massive physiographic division.

It supported the 1979 Camp David accords and was one of three Arab League states, along with Somalia and Sudan, which did not break relations with Egypt after the signing of the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty in 1979.

In 1881, a religious leader named Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi (" guided one ") and began a war to unify the tribes in western and central Sudan.

Sudan is one of the largest Arab nations.

By that time, Sudan had one of the lowest penetration rates ( 0. 23 %) even by regional standards.

In 1990, Sudan had only one operational deep-water harbor, Port Sudan, situated on an inlet of the Red Sea.

In March 1954 British Troops in the Sudan consisted of one battalion stationed in Khartoum, reporting ultimately to the Governor-General.

Sudan sent at least one infantry brigade to the Sinai peninsula as a reinforcement to the Egyptian forces during the 1973 Yom Kippur War.

According to Rory Mungoven, spokesman for the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Sudan has one of the worst child soldier problems in the world .< ref >" Child Soldiers in the Firing Line.

* The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar ( History of Sudan ).

Notably, he correctly identified these languages as being related to one another ; his ' North-Eastern High Sudan ' corresponds to Gur in modern classification.

The 9th-century Berber historian / geographer Al Yaqubi described ancient Ghana as one of the three most organized states in the region ( the others being Gao and Kanem in the central Sudan ).

* Lopez Lomong ( 1983 – ), US Olympic Team track runner 2008, 2012 and one of the Lost Boys of the Sudan

The community includes two archdioceses in Iraq, four in Syria, one in Egypt and Sudan, a Patriarchal Vicariate in the Holy Land, a Patriarchal Vicariate in Turkey and the Diocese of Our Lady of Deliverance in the United States and Canada.

In the 1930s, a number of music companies opened in Sudan, among them the Gordon Memorial College Musical company, which included Mohamed Adam Adham, whose Adhamiya was one of the earliest formal Sudanese compositions, and is still often played.

Music is one of the most important aspects in South Sudan, because it is used to celebrate their independence.

Of the 193 member states of the United Nations, only 17 are not party to the treaty: Andorra, Angola, Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( North Korea ), Federated States of Micronesia, Haiti, Iraq, Kiribati, Lebanon, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Nauru, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkmenistan and Tuvalu.

* Barkindo, Bawuro: " The early states of the Central Sudan: Kanem, Borno and some of their neighbours to c. 1500 AD.

* Smith, Abdullahi: The early states of the Central Sudan, in: J. Ajayi and M. Crowder ( ed.

A number of smaller radical Arab groups from Lebanon, Tunisia, Sudan, Iraq, the Persian Gulf states, and Jordan were represented at the inaugural meeting.

By then a string of dynastic states, including the earliest Hausa states, stretched across western and central Sudan.

As of 2 November 2007, 125 cases, including 60 deaths, had been reported from more than 10 localities of White Nile, Sinnar, and Gezira states in Sudan.

Three other nations, Serbia and Montenegro, Sudan and Afghanistan, would also be treated as rogue states as well.

Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir has backed up the country and other Muslim states, requiring them to boycott Danish products just as Sudan did.

Due to both states sharing the same religion, being former British colonies, and refusing to recognize Israel as a legitimate nation, Pakistan and Sudan have shared generally close and warm relations for decades.

In early Islamic states of the western Sudan, including Ghana ( 750 – 1076 ), Mali ( 1235 – 1645 ), Segou ( 1712 – 1861 ), and Songhai ( 1275 – 1591 ), about a third of the population were enslaved.

Muslim states with blended sources of law: Muslim countries including Pakistan, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Egypt, Sudan and Morocco have legal systems strongly influenced by sharia, but also cede ultimate authority to their constitutions and the rule of law.

Although there is much debate as to which states or groups operate strictly according to Islamic Law, Sharia is the official basis for state laws in the following countries: Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Mauritania, Oman and Iran.

The Arab states of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria also contributed troops and arms.

: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia ( Beheading penalty ), Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria ( death penalty in some states ), Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia ( death penalty in some states ), South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Aburish states, however, that he and Amer were posted to the Sudan in 1941.

In its terms of use, SourceForge states that its services are not available to users in countries on the sanction list of the U. S. Office of Foreign Assets Control ( including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria ).

These migrations resulted in part from the formation and disintegration of a series of large states in the western Sudan ( the region north of modern Ghana drained by the Niger River ).

Although none of the states of the western Sudan controlled territories in the area that is modern Ghana, several small kingdoms that later developed such as Bonoman, were ruled by nobles believed to have immigrated from that region.