That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade, and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history, embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory, but also the modifications and exceptions ''.

that theory was and is sound.

He proposed a fresh theory of alkalis which later was accepted in chemical practices.

It was not always easy to develop theory and doctrine which would square the two conditions.

In this connection, it might be noted that the theory of games was a mathematical discovery long before its uses in political science were exploited.

To find a place for them in their theory of knowledge would require them to revise the theory radically, and yet that theory was what they regarded as their most important discovery.

On the theory before us, such relief would be groundless, for in that suffering itself there was nothing bad at all, and hence in its nonoccurrence there would be nothing to be relieved about.

In these circumstances, since what was expressed by the remark when first made is, on the theory before us, simply absent, the remark now expresses nothing.

( P. 215 ) when corporate abuses were attacked, it was done on the theory that criminal penalties would be invoked rather than control.

Lincoln stated Douglas's popular sovereignty theory was a threat to the nation's morality and that Douglas represented a conspiracy to extend slavery to free states.

During the 1670s corpuscularianism was used by Isaac Newton in his development of the corpuscular theory of light.

( Despite common belief, he did not take a day from February ; see the debunked theory on month lengths ) According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt.

" Karpov acknowledged that his understanding of chess theory was very confused at that time, and wrote later that the homework which Botvinnik assigned greatly helped him, since it required that he consult chess books and work diligently.

" The first well-known version of anarcho-capitalism was formulated by Austrian School economist and libertarian Murray Rothbard in the mid-twentieth century, synthesizing elements from the Austrian School of economics, classical liberalism, and nineteenth century American individualist anarchists Lysander Spooner and Benjamin Tucker ( rejecting their labor theory of value and the normative implications they derived from it ).

The prime evidence for this theory was provided by a descendant of Clarke.

It was the prospect of bowling at this line-up that caused England's 1932 – 33 captain Douglas Jardine to adopt the tactic of fast leg theory, also known as Bodyline.

Jardine insisted that the tactic was legitimate and called it " leg theory " but it was widely disparaged by its opponents, who dubbed it " Bodyline " ( from " on the line of the body ").

Confucianism was particularly strong during the Han Dynasty, whose greatest thinker was Dong Zhongshu, who integrated Confucianism with the thoughts of the Zhongshu School and the theory of the Five Elements.

At the beginning, it was considered a sort of Taoist sect, and there was even a theory about Laozi, founder of Taoism, who went to India and taught his philosophy to Buddha.

Ampère begun developing a mathematical and physical theory to understand the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Additionally, they have begun to explore notions of difference, engaging in dialogue about the differences among women ( part of movement away from essentialism in feminist work more generally ), the various methodologies and perspectives contained under the umbrella of feminist film theory, and the multiplicity of methods and intended effects that influence the development of films.

Pike's approach to the study of language put him outside the circle of the " generative " movement begun by Noam Chomsky, a dominant linguist, since Pike believed that the structure of language should be studied in context, not just single sentences, as seen in the title of his magnum opus " Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior " ( 1967 ).

Historians have long used the coexistence of these bilingual documents to illustrate their theory that, by 842, the empire had begun splitting into separate proto-countries and developing with different languages and customs.

Pinker ’ s research on visual cognition, begun in collaboration with his thesis adviser Stephen Kosslyn, showed that mental images represent scenes and objects as they appear from a specific vantage point ( rather than capturing their intrinsic three-dimensional structure ), and thus correspond to the neuroscientist David Marr ’ s theory of a “ two-and-a-half-dimensional sketch .” He also showed that this level of representation is used in visual attention, and in object recognition ( at least for asymmetrical shapes ), contrary to Marr ’ s theory that recognition uses viewpoint-independent representations.

Psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism or literary theory which, in method, concept, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis begun by Sigmund Freud.

Considering the criticisms of the trait theory outlined above, several researchers have begun to adopt a different perspective of leader individual differences — the leader attribute pattern approach.

R. L. Poole ( Studies in Chronology and History, 1934 ) put forward the theory that Bede began his year in September, and consequently November 655 would actually fall in 654 ; Frank Stenton also dated events accordingly in his Anglo-Saxon England ( 1943 ).< sup > 1 </ sup > Others have accepted Bede's given dates as meaning what they appear to mean, considering Bede's year to have begun on 25 December or 1 January ( see S. Wood, 1983: " Bede's Northumbrian dates again "

Although the question of the exact location of the book's production will probably never be answered conclusively, the first theory, that it was begun at Iona and continued at Kells, is currently widely accepted.

With the renewed exploration of gender that feminism, the modern transgender movement and queer theory has fostered, some in the contemporary West have begun to describe themselves as a third sex again.

The propaganda repeated over and over the conspiracy theory that Jews were the real powers in Britain, Russia and the U. S. It went to state that the Jews had begun a " war of extermination " against Germany, and so Germany had a duty and a right to " exterminate " and " annihilate " the Jews in self defense.

Design had begun in September 1941, during which time the Bell team was guided mostly by theory, as General Electric would not finish and begin testing the first engine until March 1942.

In addition, the late William Murnane who first endorsed the theory of a co-regency between Seti I and Ramesses II later revised his view of the proposed co-regency and rejected the idea that Ramesses II had begun to count his own regnal years while Seti I was still alive.

The development of the theory was initiated by Joan Bresnan and Ronald Kaplan in the 1970s, in reaction to the direction research in the area of transformational grammar had begun to take.

Bodin's theory was that governments had begun as monarchical, had then been democratic, before becoming aristocratic.

Only in the last couple of decades have these three branches of clave theory begun to reconcile their shared and conflicting concepts.

However, as theory surrounding social networks has developed, theorists have begun placing increased leverage on the importance of these weak ties.

Taim has begun to style himself " the M ' Hael ", leader of the Tower, although his true intentions have yet to be revealed ; it is speculated he is a Darkfriend ( this is supported by his using of the phrase, " Let the Lord of Chaos rule ," which is a command from the Dark One ), although it has been stated by the author that he is not Demandred ( a favorite theory among many readers ).

In the past few decades, largely in response to postmodern critiques, social theory has begun to stress free will, individual choice, subjective reasoning, and the importance of unpredictable events in place of deterministic necessity.

Recently, some universities have begun offering degrees in Music Composition with Technology, which encompasses traditional theory and musicology coursework, but also adds the element of engineering in a studio, and becoming proficient at full-scale studio production.

The Union also favoured a more orthodox application of social credit economic theory, something which the western based Social Credit movement had begun to move away from at this time under the influence of Alberta premier Ernest Manning.

In order to make tasks more accessible for other animals, young children, and autistic individuals, theory of mind research has begun employing non-verbal paradigms.

Ricci-Curbastro also published important works in other fields, including a book on higher algebra and infinitesimal analysis, and papers on the theory of real numbers, an area in which he extended the research begun by Dedekind.