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Page "CPU design" ¶ 64
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32-bit and microcontroller
On February 19, 2009, Zilog announced that it had sold off their 8-bit Crimzon Universal Remote Control infrared microcontroller product line, as well as their ARM9 32-bit microcontrollers, including the Zatara security microcontrollers and 15 patents, to Maxim Integrated Products.
After the Z80 Zilog introduced the 16-bit Z8000 and 32-bit Z80000 processors, but these were not particularly successful, and the company refocused on the microcontroller market, producing both basic CPUs and application-specific integrated circuits / standard products ( ASICs / ASSPs ) built around a CPU core.
Zilog attempted to enter the 32-bit microcontroller market in February 2006 with the demonstration of ARM9-based Point-Of-Sale ( POS ) microcontroller product line.
In September 2007, Freescale launched the 32-bit Flexis microcontroller family with a ColdFire CPU core.
Blackfin processors use a 32-bit RISC microcontroller programming model on a SIMD architecture, which was co-developed by Intel and Analog Devices, as MSA ( Micro Signal Architecture ).
The system used a 32-bit MC68332 microcontroller from Motorola.

32-bit and architecture
In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation planned to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a single 32-bit / 64-bit multiplatform UNIX with particular emphasis on running on Intel IA-64 ( Itanium ) architecture CPUs.
As of 2009, more CPUs are produced using the ARM architecture instruction set than any other 32-bit instruction set.
These architectures range from the Intel / AMD 32-bit / 64-bit architectures commonly found in personal computers to the ARM architecture commonly found in embedded systems and the IBM eServer zSeries mainframes.
The Eclipse family of systems was later introduced with an extended upwardly compatible instruction set, and the MV-series further extended the Eclipse into a 32-bit architecture to compete with the DEC VAX.
Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer ( RISC ) instruction set architecture ( ISA ) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ), designed to replace the 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer ( CISC ) ISA and its implementations.
In the Alpha architecture, a byte was defined as an 8-bit datum, a word as a 16-bit datum, a longword as a 32-bit datum, a quadword as a 64-bit datum and an octaword as a 128-bit datum.
To maintain a level of compatibility with VAX, the 32-bit architecture the Alpha succeeded, two VAX data types were included:
IA-32 ( Intel Architecture, 32-bit ), also known as x86-32, i386 or x86, is the CISC instruction-set architecture of Intel's most commercially successful microprocessors, and was first implemented in the Intel 80386 as a 32-bit extension of x86 architecture.
As the original implementation of the 32-bit extension of the 8086 architecture, the 80386 instruction set, programming model, and binary encodings are still the common denominator for all 32-bit x86 processors, this is termed x86, IA-32, or i386-architecture, depending on context.
The 80386 added a 32-bit architecture and a paging translation unit, which made it much easier to implement operating systems that used virtual memory.
He was responsible for extending the 80286 architecture and instruction set to 32-bit, and then led the microprogram development for the 80386 chip.
POWER and SPARC remained strong, while the 32-bit x86 architecture continued to grow into the enterprise space, building on economies of scale fueled by its enormous installed base.
The IBM System / 360 has a 32-bit architecture with 16 general-purpose registers, but most of the System / 360 implementations actually use hardware that implemented a much simpler underlying microarchitecture ; for example, the System / 360 Model 30 had 8-bit data paths to the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) and main memory and implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory, and the System / 360 Model 40 had 8-bit data paths to the ALU and 16-bit data paths to main memory and also implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory.
Initially a 32-bit TTL processor in conjunction with supporting microcode implemented the programmer-visible architecture.
The MIPS32 architecture is a high-performance 32-bit instruction set architecture ( ISA ) that is used in applications such as 32-bit microcontrollers, home entertainment, home networking devices and mobile designs.
Rather than spending the time to develop a new, more powerful platform capable of standing up to their competitors, they decided to utilize the now dated 32-bit Iron Man architecture in the PC-FX.
Implementations of the original 32-bit SPARC architecture were initially designed and used in Sun's Sun-4 workstation and server systems, replacing their earlier Sun-3 systems based on the Motorola 68000 family of processors.

32-bit and first
Originally designed as a follow-on to the PDP-11, DEC's VAX-11 series was the first widely used 32-bit minicomputer, sometimes referred to as " superminis ".
The Win32 API first introduced with Windows NT was adopted as the standard 32-bit programming interface, with Win16 compatibility being preserved through a technique known as " thunking ".
Microsoft had a double gain from its release: first, it made it impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a cheaper, non-Microsoft DOS ; secondly, although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system and MS DOS 7 would be loaded briefly as a part of the booting process, Windows 95 applications ran solely in 386 enhanced mode, with a flat 32-bit address space and virtual memory.
By extending the 16 / 24-bit IBM PC / AT standard into a natively 32-bit computing environment, Compaq became the first third party to implement a major technical hardware advance on the PC platform.
The first commercial RISC microprocessor design was released either by MIPS Computer Systems, the 32-bit R2000 ( the R1000 was not released ) or by Acorn computers, the 32-bit ARM2 in 1987.
Introduced in 1979 with HMOS technology as the first member of the successful 32-bit m68k family of microprocessors, it is generally software forward compatible with the rest of the line despite being limited to a 16-bit wide external bus.
The 11 / 74 was due to be introduced around the same time as the announcement of the new 32-bit product line and the first model: the VAX 11 / 780.
: This was the first 32-bit release ( for Windows 95 and NT 4. 0 ).
The first idea was a new Mega Drive / Genesis with more colors and a 32-bit processor.
Physical Address Extension or PAE was first added in the Intel Pentium Pro, to allow an additional 4 bits of physical addressing in 32-bit protected mode.
They were likely the first 32-bit general-purpose microprocessors on the market, but due to a number of factors never managed to become a major player.
The first chip in the series was originally called 16032, later renamed 32016 to emphasize its 32-bit internals.
It became available in the late 1970s, and may have been the first 32-bit chip to reach mass production and sale ( at least according to National Semiconductor marketing ).
; 11. 00 ( 1997 ): The first HP-UX release to also support 64-bit addressing ; previous releases had been 32-bit only.
The first published revision was the 32-bit SPARC Version 7 ( V7 ) in 1986.
Program code had to lie within the first 64 Mbyte of the memory, as the program counter was limited to 24 bits because the top 6 and bottom 2 bits of the 32-bit register served as status flags.
Generation 2 competed against the 80386 ( the first 32-bit x86 processor ), and generation 3 against the 80486.
SCO's Xenix System V / 386 was the first 32-bit operating system available on the market for the x86 CPU Architecture.
Intel and Microsoft, once the closest of partners, have operated at an uneasy distance from one another since their first major dispute, which had to do with Intel's heavy investment in the 32-bit optimized Pentium Pro and Microsoft's delivery of an unexpectedly high proportion of 16-bit code in Windows 95.
Like previous PCW models, the PcW16 used the 8-bit Zilog Z-80 CPU, which first appeared in 1976, while other personal computers used 16-bit CPUs or the more recent 32-bit CPUs.
The first capability is notable because at the time of Opteron's introduction, the only other 64-bit architecture marketed with 32-bit x86 compatibility ( Intel's Itanium ) ran x86 legacy-applications only with significant speed degradation.

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