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The IBM System / 360 has a 32-bit architecture with 16 general-purpose registers, but most of the System / 360 implementations actually use hardware that implemented a much simpler underlying microarchitecture ; for example, the System / 360 Model 30 had 8-bit data paths to the arithmetic logic unit ( ALU ) and main memory and implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory, and the System / 360 Model 40 had 8-bit data paths to the ALU and 16-bit data paths to main memory and also implemented the general-purpose registers in a special unit of higher-speed core memory.
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IBM and System
The initial setting of this table may be altered, however, as described in the 7070/7074 Data Processing System Bulletin `` IBM 7070/7074 Compiler System: Operating Procedure '', form Aj.
A full description of the DIOCS, DTF, and DUF statements is contained in the 7070 Data Processing System Bulletin `` IBM 7070 Input/Output Control System '', form Aj.
* Attached Support Processor, one of the two early IBM System / 360 programs that replaces the native SPOOL facilities of OS / 360 ; the other was Houston Automatic Spooling Priority ( HASP ).
Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.
AIX Version 1, introduced in 1986 for the IBM 6150 RT workstation, was based on UNIX System V Releases 1 and 2.
Among other variants, IBM later produced AIX Version 3 ( also known as AIX / 6000 ), based on System V Release 3, for their IBM POWER-based RS / 6000 platform.
Since 1990, AIX has served as the primary operating system for the RS / 6000 series ( later renamed IBM eServer pSeries, then IBM System p, and now IBM Power Systems ).
In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that ( among other infractions ) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into AIX ; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX.
The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.
AIX / 370 was released in 1990 with functional equivalence to System V Release 2 and 4. 3BSD as well as IBM enhancements.
IBM and /
* Auxiliary Storage Pool, a group of disk drives in the IBM i ( aka OS / 400 ) operating system
The AIX family of operating systems debuted in 1986, became the standard operating system for the RS / 6000 series on its launch in 1990, and is still actively developed by IBM.
In the late 1990s, under Project Monterey, IBM and the Santa Cruz Operation planned to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a single 32-bit / 64-bit multiplatform UNIX with particular emphasis on running on Intel IA-64 ( Itanium ) architecture CPUs.
IBM and 360
* 1964 – IBM announces the System / 360.
During the early 1960s, while also active in ASCII standardization, IBM simultaneously introduced in its product line of System / 360 the 8-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ), an expansion of their 6-bit binary-coded decimal ( BCDIC ) representation used in earlier card punches.
Gene Amdahl's seminal 1964 article on IBM System / 360 used 1K to mean 1024.
The effort was sufficiently complete that during the summer of 1973 the Unix kernel for the PDP-11 was rewritten in C. During the 1972 – 73 period there was a need to port to Honeywell 635 and IBM 360 / 370 machines, so Mike Lesk wrote the " portable I / O package " which would become the C " standard I / O " routines.
TWA canceled the project in 1970, acquiring one IBM System / 360 Model 75, two IBM System / 360 model 65s, and IBM's PARS software for its reservations system.
In 1964 IBM introduced its System / 360 computer architecture which was used in a series of computers that could run the same programs with different speed and performance.
The System / 360 architecture was so popular that it dominated the mainframe computer market for decades and left a legacy that is still continued by similar modern computers like the IBM zSeries.
One notable late CPU design that uses clock gating is that of the IBM PowerPC-based Xbox 360.
The original System / 360 models of IBM mainframe had read-only control store, but later System / 360, System / 370 and successor models loaded part or all of their microprograms from floppy disks or other DASD into a writable control store consisting of ultra-high speed random-access read-write memory.
* The DOS / 360 initial / simple operating system for the IBM System / 360 family of mainframe computers ( it later became DOS / VSE, and was eventually just called VSE ).
EBCDIC () was devised in 1963 and 1964 by IBM and was announced with the release of the IBM System / 360 line of mainframe computers.
While IBM was a chief proponent of the ASCII standardization committee, they did not have time to prepare ASCII peripherals ( such as card punch machines ) to ship with its System / 360 computers, so the company settled on EBCDIC.
* FORTRAN H, a Fortran implementation for the IBM System / 360 and System / 370 mainframes
" Brooks responded " The most important single decision I ever made was to change the IBM 360 series from a 6-bit byte to an 8-bit byte, thereby enabling the use of lowercase letters.
Current mainframes in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the IBM System / 360.
As software became more complex and important, the cost of supporting it on so many different designs became burdensome, and this was one of the factors which led IBM to develop System / 360 and its operating systems.
The second generation ( transistor-based ) products were a mainstay of IBM's business and IBM continued to make them for several years after the introduction of the System / 360.
IBM and has
IBM has a machine that can understand spoken words and talk back.
AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.
ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest ( ICPC ), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between Garry Kasparov and the IBM Deep Blue computer.
Database research has taken place at research and development groups of companies ( e. g., notably at IBM Research, who contributed technologies and ideas virtually to any DBMS existing today ), research institutes, and academia.
This model has been supported primarily by the IBM IMS DBMS, one of the earliest DBMSs.
A single class-B element is rarely found in practice, though it has been used for driving the loudspeaker in the early IBM Personal Computers with beeps, and it can be used in RF power amplifier where the distortion levels are less important.
Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.
John Backus said during a 1979 interview with Think, the IBM employee magazine, " Much of my work has come from being lazy.
In the private sector he has worked for Mitre Corp., GE, Ford, General Motors ; during the late 1970s Singer consulted with Exxon, Shell, Unocal Sun Oil, and ARCO on oil pricing ; and Lockheed Martin, Martin – Marietta, McDonnell-Douglas, ANSER, and IBM on space research.
IBM lead negotiator Jack Sams insisted that he never met Gary, and one IBM colleague has confirmed that Sams said so at the time.
Although it is often conjectured that the name HAL was based on a one-letter shift from the name IBM, this has been denied by both Clarke and 2001 director Stanley Kubrick.
For general desktop computer use it has been supplanted by later buses such as IBM Micro Channel, VESA Local Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect and other successors.
Foot drop in one or both feet has been a symptom of IBM and advanced stages of polymyositis ( PM ).
* The hypothesis that beta amyloid protein is key to IBM has been supported in a mouse model using an Aβ vaccine that was found to be effective against inclusion body myositis in mouse models.
Although this vaccine is likely not safe for human use, it still shows that attacking Aβ has efficacy in mice against IBM.
MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of email to describe content type in general, including for the web ( see Internet media type ) and as a storage for rich content in some commercial products ( e. g., IBM Lotus Domino and IBM Lotus Quickr ).
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