Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers introduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor's 8-bit external data bus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer / AT's Intel 80286 processor.

IBM designed the 8-bit version as a buffered interface to the external bus of the Intel 8088 ( 16 / 8 bit ) CPU used in the original IBM PC and PC / XT, and the 16-bit version as an upgrade for the external bus of the Intel 80286 CPU used in the IBM AT.

The 8080's large 40-pin DIP packaging permitted it to provide a 16-bit address bus and an 8-bit data bus, allowing easy access to 64 kilobytes of memory.

I / O addressing could also sometimes employ the fact that the processor would output the same 8-bit port address to both the lower and the higher address byte ( i. e. IN 05h would put the address 0505h on the 16-bit address bus ).

The Intel 8088, released in 1979, was a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus ( allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting logic chips ), and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM PC.

It had an 8-bit external data bus instead of the 16-bit bus of the 8086.

It was also available as the 80188, with an 8-bit external data bus.

In the end, the 68000 did retain a bus protocol compatibility mode for existing 6800 peripheral devices, and a version with an 8-bit data bus was produced.

This was a 68000 with an 8-bit data bus and a smaller ( 20 bit ) address bus.

This chip resembled the 68HC000 in most respects, but its data bus could operate in either 16-bit or 8-bit mode, depending on the value of an input pin at reset.

The 68EC000 can have either a 8-bit or 16-bit data bus, switchable at reset.

The 6800 has a 16-bit address bus that could directly access 64 KB of memory and an 8-bit bi-directional data bus.

An 8-bit data bus version of the 68000 ( i. e., the 68008 ) was intended for use in future 8-bit designs.

The Neo Geo was marketed as 24-bit, though it was technically a parallel processing 32-bit system with 24-bit addressing and a 16-bit data bus with an 8-bit Zilog Z80 as coprocessor.

Despite the 80286 processor, it was still an XT-class PC, not an AT-class PC, as it adapted the 80286 to operate over the same 8-bit data bus as previous Tandy 1000 models, and had 8-bit XT-style expansion slots.

In addition to the advanced indexing features, the Alliance word processor was also substantially enhanced, even though the Z80 platform on which it ran forced it to remain as an 8-bit application in a 64KB workstation.

The 8-bit software ran twice as fast unless the user turned down the processor speed in the IIGS control panel.

The colors available in the palette itself may be fixed by the hardware or modifiable within the limits of the hardware ( for instance, both color Macintosh systems and VGA-equipped IBM-PCs typically ran at 8-bit due to limited VRAM, but while the best VGA systems only offered an 18-bit ( 262, 144 color ) palette from which colors could be chosen, all color Macintosh video hardware offered a 24-bit ( 16 million color ) palette ).

One of the last Soviet-designed, 8-bit home computers was the Vector-06C with an i8080 CPU clone which ran at 3 MHz, which is still used by some enthusiasts.

REVS was a Formula 3 sim that delivered a semi-realistic driving experience by Geoff Crammond that ran on the 8-bit Commodore 64 and BBC.

EUMEL initially ran on the 8-bit Z80 processor, and was later ported to many different architectures.

for Windows, although this version also ran on the 8-bit Apple II platform, and later the Macintosh.

The series eventually ran to 18 on the BBC Micro, though the latest ones were released on disc only, well into the demise of the 8-bit scene, and very few copies were sold.

While it ran acceptably fast on 16-bit computers, it was slow on 8-bit machines such as the C64, where the next view took up to three seconds to be precomputed.

While geoPublish was not as sophisticated as Aldus Pagemaker and geoCalc not as sophisticated as Microsoft Excel, the packages provided reasonable functionality, and Berkeley Softworks founder Brian Dougherty claimed the company ran its business using its own software on Commodore 8-bit computers for several years.

One of the first implementations made available by LPA was micro-PROLOG which ran on popular 8-bit home computers such as the Sinclair Spectrum and Apple II.

It ran Palm OS 3. 5, the first Palm OS version to have native colour support and supported paletted 8-bit colour modes.

This is done by adding eight extra 8-bit buses which allow the graphics controller to issue new AGP requests and commands at the same time with other AGP data flowing via the main 32 address / data ( AD ) lines.

Originally it was headerless, being simply 8-bit µ-law-encoded data at an 8000 Hz sample rate.

Powering the system was an Atari SALLY 6502 ( Atari's slightly custom 6502, sometimes described as a " 6502C ") processor running at 1. 79 MHz, similar to the processor found in home computers ( Atari 8-bit, Apple II, Commodore 64 ) and other consoles ( Atari 5200 and Nintendo Entertainment System ).

It excelled at moving around large numbers of sprites on a static screen without the screen flickering that plagued other 8-bit systems.

It is not at all uncommon, therefore, to see 4-or 8-bit microcontrollers used in modern applications, even though CPUs with much higher range ( such as 16, 32, 64, even 128-bit ) are available.

It is believed that the 8-bit AVR architecture and first AVR microcontroller was conceived and designed by two students at the Norwegian Institute of Technology.

The original IBM PC included five 8-bit slots, running at the system clock speed of 4. 77 MHz.

The PC / AT, introduced in 1984, had three 8-bit slots and five 16-bit slots, all running at the system clock speed of 6 MHz in the earlier models and 8 MHz in the last version of the computer.

This microprocessor was the first low-power CMOS processor chip, quite on a par with the 8-bit 6502 that was being built into the Apple II desktop computer at that time.

However, more characters were needed than could fit in a single 8-bit character encoding, so several mappings were developed, including at least ten suitable for various Latin-derived alphabets.

In 1972, Intel launched the 8008, the first 8-bit microprocessor .< ref > using enhancement load PMOS logic ( demanding 14V, achieving TTL-compatibility by having V < sub > CC </ sub > at + 5V and V < sub > DD </ sub > at-9V )</ ref > It implemented an instruction set designed by Datapoint corporation with programmable CRT terminals in mind, that also proved to be fairly general purpose.

The Intel 80C88. The 8088 was targeted at economical systems by allowing the use of an 8-bit data path and 8-bit support and peripheral chips ; complex circuit boards were still fairly cumbersome and expensive when it was released.

This meant that in spite of its modest 8-bit CPU the system compared well against the 16-bit machines in the market at the time.

Many 1980s 8-bit home computers feature gutterboxing display mode, because the TV screens normally used as monitors at that time tended to distort the image near the border of the screen, to such an extent that text displayed in that area became illegible.

MIDI messages are made up of 8-bit words, and are transmitted serially at a rate of 31. 25 kbaud.

The die ( integrated circuit ) | die from an Intel 8742, an 8-bit microcontroller that includes a CPU running at 12 MHz, 128 bytes of RAM, 2048 bytes of EPROM, and Input / output | I / O in the same chip.

The home system featured two CPUs: the 16-bit Motorola 68000 main processor running at 12 MHz and the 8-bit Zilog Z80 coprocessor running at 4 MHz.

** Intel 8048 8-bit microcontroller running at 1. 79 MHz