The Adalite soldiers surrounded their enemies and for two months besieged the trapped Solomonic soldiers until a truce was declared in Mansur's favour.

Following this success, Jamal organized another successful attack against the Solomonic forces and inflicted heavy casualties in what was reportedly the largest Adalite army ever fielded.

During this time period warfare broke out again between the two states and Emperor Eskender invaded Dakkar where he was stopped by a large Adalite army who destroyed the Solomonic army to such an extent that no further expeditions were carried out for the remaining of Eskender's reign.

He recovered the Kingdom of Bali and began preparations of a major Adalite offensive into the Ethiopian Highlands.

Adal however continued to raid the Christian empire unabated under the General Mahfuz, the leader of the Adalite war machine who annually invaded the Christian territories.

Eskender was succeeded by Emperor Na ' od who tried to defend the Christians from General Mahfuz but he too was also killed in battle by the Adalite army in Ifat.

Adalite armies with Ottoman support and arms marched into Ethiopia and caused considerable damage on the highland state.

Adalite armies under the leadership of rulers such as Sabr ad-Din II, Mansur ad-Din, Jamal ad-Din II, Shams ad-Din and general Mahfuz subsequently continued the struggle against Abyssinian expansionism.

The Adalite military was divided in several sections such as the infantry consisting of swordsmen, archers and lancers that were commanded by various generals and lieutenants.

The Adalite soldiers donned elaborate helmets and steel-armour made up of chain-mail with overlapping tiers.

* 1739 – Battle of Karnal: The army of Iranian ruler Nadir Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.

* 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.

Upon his expulsion from ' Uyayna, Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab was invited to settle in neighboring Diriyah by its ruler Muhammad bin Saud.

* September 1 – Muhammad VII al-Munsif, ruler of Tunisia 1942 – 43 ( b. 1881 )

* Muhammad of Ghor, Afghan ruler

* Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid, last Abbadid ruler

* March 25 – The Pakistani army starts Operation Searchlight in East Pakistan from midnight, after President Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan, a military ruler, voids election results that gave the Awami League an overwhelming majority in the parliament.

* Abu Salim Ali II overthrows Muhammad II as Said as ruler of the Merinid Dynasty in present-day Morocco.

* March 4 – Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Egyptian ruler ( d. 1849 )

* February 24 – Battle of Karnal: The army of Iranian ruler Nader Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.

* Abu ' Ali Muhammad, Ilyasid ruler

* Spain: Muhammad Ibn Yusuf Ibn Nasr rebels against the independent ruler of al-Andalus, Ibn Hud al-Yadami and takes control of the city of Arjona.

** Muhammad Tour, ruler of Gao

On January 2, 1492, the last Muslim ruler in Iberia, Emir Muhammad XII, known as Boabdil to the Spanish, surrendered complete control of the Emirate of Granada to Ferdinand II and Isabella I, Los Reyes Católicos (' The Catholic Monarchs '), after the last battle of the Granada War.

** Muhammad Rimfa, ruler of Kano

* Muhammad II as Said becomes ruler of the Marinid dynasty in present-day Morocco after the assassination of Abu Inan Faris.

* Qara Muhammad succeeds Bairam Khawaja as ruler of the Turkomans of the Black Sheep Empire in present day Armenia and northern Iraq.

* Muhammad II succeeds Yûsuf I as ruler of the Ziyanid Dynasty in present-day western Algeria.

Ulugh Beg ( – Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh Uluġ Beg ) ( March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh ( Persia ) – October 27, 1449 ( Samarkand )) was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan.

* Muhammad bin Musafir, Sallarid ruler of Tarum and Iranian Azerbaijan

The last Muslim ruler of Granada, Muhammad XII, better known as Boabdil, surrendered his kingdom to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, the Catholic Monarchs, los Reyes Católicos.

Shortly after the intervention, Pakistan's military ruler General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq called for a meeting of senior military members and technocrats of his military government.

After the Soviet deployment, Pakistan's military ruler General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq started accepting financial aid from the Western powers to aid the mujahideen.

All three vied to become sole ruler, and also claimed descent from the Solomonic kings.

* Newaya Maryam succeeds his father, Newaya Krestos, as ruler of Ethiopia.

Her father, Ras Betul Haile Maryam was less well known than her uncle Dejazmach Wube Haile Maryam, who was the ruler of much of Northern Ethiopia in the 1840s, and a rival of Emperor Tewodros II.

She is the mother of Sheikh Mohamed's sons and daughters, including the Crown Prince of Dubai, Sheikh Hamdan Bin Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum and the deputy ruler of Dubai Maktoum bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Sheikh Rashid Bin Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Sheikh Ahmed, Sheikh Saeed, Sheikha Hessa, Sheikha Latifa, Sheikha Maryam, Sheikha Shaikha Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Sheikha Futteim, Sheikha Salama and Sheikha Shamma.

Instead the Maharaja appealed to Mountbatten for assistance, and the governor-general agreed on the condition that the ruler accede to India.

Under it, the ruler agreed not to dispose of any of his territory except to the U. K. and not to enter into relationships with any other foreign government without British consent.

Aged and anxious, Abdullah bin Jassim turned to the British, promised to abdicate, and agreed, among other things, to an official British presence in Qatar in exchange for recognition and support for Ali bin Abdullah as ruler in 1949.

Emperor Yong Le agreed and titled Ong's son Awang as the new ruler, and named the mountain of Brunei as Chang Ning Mountainجبل السلام – mean Jabel Alsalam (" mountain of peace ") in Arabic.

Hel, the ruler of the realm of the same name, agreed that Baldr should go back to the living if all things in the world wept for him.

Magellan saw an opportunity to strengthen the existing friendship ties with the ruler of the Visaya region and agreed to help him subdue the rebellious Lapu-Lapu.

There was no clear victor, but it was subsequently agreed that Godred would remain the ruler of Man, the northern Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides, whilst Somerled's young sons would nominally control the southern Inner Hebrides, Kintyre and the islands of the Clyde under their father's supervision.

Because Anastasios was abandoned by his supporters, the Bulgarian ruler agreed to the pleas of Leo III and broke relations with the usurper.

Mujir ad-Din, however, was a weaker ruler than his predecessor, and he also agreed to pay an annual tribute to the crusaders in exchange for their protection.

Jiang Wei tried to restore Shu by persuading Zhong Hui to declare a rebellion against the de facto Wei ruler Sima Zhao, Zhong Hui agreed but after he did so, Zhong's own soldiers rebelled against him.

Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler.

Charles Gustav, knowing that he needed the support of the Elector, agreed to sign the Treaty of Labiau ( November 20 ), which granted full sovereignty to the Prussian ruler, in exchange for his complete military support of Sweden in the ongoing war.

The Arab Islamic Republic was a proposed unification in 1974 of Tunisia and Libya, agreed upon by Libyan ruler Muammar al-Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba.

There was no clear victor, but it was subsequently agreed that Godred would remain the ruler of Mann, the northern Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides, whilst Somerled's young sons would nominally control the southern Inner Hebrides, Kintyre and the islands of the Clyde under their father's supervision.

However, the dike was in a very bad condition and in 1318 Willem van Henegouwen, the ruler, agreed the build a new dike.

The Empress of Russia, Catherine II, entered into an alliance with the Austrian ruler, the Emperor Joseph II ; the two agreed to partition the Ottoman Empire between their respective nations, thereby alarming many European powers, especially the United Kingdom, France, and Prussia.

The conquistadors agreed, and in 1534 Manco was crowned the ruler of the Inca in Cuzco by Francisco Pizarro, and allowed to rule his people.

The Arab Islamic Republic was a proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya in 1974, agreed upon by then Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba.

As Wales was a defined geographical area with agreed borders, yet outside the bounds of England, anyone bestowed with the title Prince of Wales would have suzerainty over any local Welsh ruler but without the territorial ambitions on England of a King of the Britons-which implied " liberating " the Britons who still resided in places long considered a part of England such as Devon, Cornwall, Cumberland and other places, albeit in fewer and fewer numbers.

The Principality of Wales was created in 1216 at the Council of Aberdyfi, when it was agreed between Llywelyn the Great and the other sovereign princes among the Welsh that he was the paramount ruler amongst them, and they would pay homage to him.

Sir Reginald Wingate, who knew him personally, declared to British society that Rahma was a " far-seeing, thoughtful man of iron will, a born ruler of men " Eventually, Queen Victoria, Sir Evelyn Baring, William Ewart Gladstone and Nubar Pasha in Cairo, all agreed to allow Rahma the title, but the order was rescinded by the British government, upset with Rahma's slave-raiding practises.

After two failures, Bonassoli eventually agreed that it could easily detect a metal ruler.

Michael again requested Rudolf II's support and Rudolf finally agreed to send financial assistance to the Wallachian ruler.