From the start of the war, Massoud's mujahideen proved to be a thorn in the side for the occupying Soviet forces by ambushing Soviet and Afghan communist convoys travelling through the Salang Pass, resulting in fuel shortages in Kabul .< ref name =" Iyer ">

He defeated the Rohillas and Afghan garrisons in Punjab and succeeded in ousting Timur Shah and his court from India and brought Lahore, Multan, Kashmir and other subahs on the Indian side of Attock under Maratha rule.

But the crafty Afghan ruler clearly viewed the war as an opportunity to play one side off against the other, for he also offered the British to resist a Central Powers attack on India in exchange for an end to British control of Afghan foreign policy.

The British refused to concede Afghan control over the tribes on the British side of the line while the Afghans insisted on it.

The issue arose when the river shifted course, leaving several Tajik cotton fields on the Afghan side of the river.

On July 26, 1949, when Afghanistan – Pakistan relations were rapidly deteriorating, a loya jirga was held in Afghanistan after a military aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force bombed a village on the Afghan side of the Durand Line.

On July 26, 1949, when Afghan – Pakistan relations were rapidly deteriorating, a loya jirga was held in Afghanistan after a military aircraft from the Pakistan Air Force bombed a village on the Afghan side of the Durand Line.

During Operation Cyclone, the ISI with full support / funding from the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) and the White House in the United States recruited huge numbers of mujahideen militant groups on the Pakistani side of the Durand line to cross into Afghanistan's territory for missions to destroy the Soviet-backed Afghan government.

After the collapse of the pro-Soviet Afghan government in 1992, Pakistan being well aware of its Durand Line Agreement violation ( specifically article 2 where it mentions " The Government of India ( Pakistan ) < u > will at no time exercise interference </ u > in the territories lying beyond this line on the side of Afghanistan ") created a puppet state in Afghanistan run by the Taliban.

In 2009, the International Security Assistance Force ( ISAF ) and American CIA have begun using unmanned aerial vehicles from the Afghan side to hit terrorist targets on the Pakistani side of the Durand Line.

While most of the time the Taliban cross the Durand Line from Pakistan into Afghanistan and carry out attacks inside Afghan cities, sometimes they cross from the Afghan side of the border and attack Pakistani security forces.

The Pakistan government on its side is careful to stress the point that, although the assassin is stated to be of Afghan origin, there is no sinister significance in that fact, especially as he has been an exile in Pakistan for some time.

Though some sub-groups such as the Kom paid tribute to Chitral, most of Kafiristan was left on the Afghan side of the frontier in 1893, when large areas of tribal lands between Afghanistan and British India were divided into zones of control by the Durand Line.

Before 1896, when the Russians arrived and built a fort, the main town in the area was Kala-i Bar Panj ( or Bar Panja Qal ' a ) somewhat downriver on the Afghan side.

There is a bridge to the Afghan side of the river.

* November 21 – Two minutes after takeoff from Beirut, Lebanon, Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 202, a Douglas DC-4, crashes into the side of a hill at Aramoun, killing 24 of the 27 people on board.

The group was initially formed as a side project of The Afghan Whigs leader Greg Dulli in 1997.

With a large cast of performers, including former Prince protégé Apollonia and former Screaming Trees singer Mark Lanegan, Blackberry Belle became an examination of the dark side of love and loss, a familiar topic revisited from former Afghan Whigs albums like Black Love.

When the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ), through Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence ( ISI ), trained and armed the Afghan mujahideen and other Islamic fundamentalist elements and used them to bleed the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the Marris and the Mengals kept away from the anti-Soviet jihad and helped the KGB, the Soviet intelligence agency, and the KHAD, the Afghan intelligence agency, in the collection of intelligence regarding the activities of the CIA and the ISI on the Pakistani side of the border.

Ahmad Shah Durrani ( c. 1722 – 1773 ) ( Pashto /), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī ( Pashto / Persian: احمد شاه ابدالي ) and born as Ahmad < u > Kh </ u > ān, was the founder of the Durrani Empire ( Afghan Empire ) in 1747 and is regarded by many to be the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan .</ poem >

Massoud was posthumously named " National Hero " by the order of Afghan President Hamid Karzai.

In 1973, Mohammed Daoud Khan was brought to power in a coup d ' état against the Afghan King and the Republic of Afghanistan was established.

The coup was orchestrated by the Parcham faction of the PDPA, the Afghan communist party backed by the Soviet Union.

The fourth phase was the " general application " of Massoud's principles to the whole country, and the final demise of the Afghan communist government.

The sovereignty over Andkhui, Shibarghan, Saripul and Maimana was in dispute between Bukhara and Kabul until settled by the Anglo-Russian agreement of 1873 in favour of the Afghan claim.

In 1890 the district of Qataghan and Badakhshan was divided from Afghan Turkestan and made into the Qataghan-Badakhshan Province.

Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government after the disarray that followed the second Anglo-Afghan war.

In 1885, at the moment when the Amir was in conference with the British viceroy, Lord Dufferin, in India, the news came of a skirmish between Russian and Afghan troops at Panjdeh, over a disputed point in the demarcation of the northwestern frontier of Afghanistan.

His youngest son, Mahomed Omar Jan, was born in 1889 of an Afghan mother, connected by descent with the Barakzai family.

In the agreement, the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed ; and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.

By 667, the Afghan area was under invasion by the Arabs but in 683 Kabul revolted and completely routed the invading army which was led by the Governor of Seistan.

It was not until 870 that Kabul and the Afghan area was brought under control by the Saffarids.

The invasion of Persia was completed five years after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, and all of the Persian territories came under Arab control, though pockets of tribal resistance continued for centuries in the Afghan territories.

The Durrani Empire (, also referred to as the Last Afghan Empire ) was founded in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani with its capital at Kandahar, Afghanistan.

In 1749, the Mughal ruler was induced to cede Sindh, the Punjab region and the important trans Indus River to Ahmad Shah in order to save his capital from Afghan attack.

The victory at Panipat was the high point of Ahmad Shah's — and Afghan — power.

Babrak Karmal (, born Sultan Hussein ; 6 January 1929 – 1 or 3 December 1996 ) was an Afghan politician and statesman during the Cold War.

Before, during and after his career as a bureaucrat Karmal was a leading member of the Afghan movement.

The first was Afghan Wireless, which is US based that was founded by Ehsan Bayat.

Auckland's plan in the spring of 1838 was for the Sikhs to place Shuja on the Afghan throne, with British support.

A longtime associate of former Afghan King Mohammad Zahir Shah, Shahryar represented the government of Hamid Karzai, who became Afghanistan's new president in the summer of 2002.

The province is represented in Afghan domestic cricket by the Zabul Province cricket team.

In my mind, he represented the best representatives of the so-called command-and-control systems by which we defeated in World War II, created a highly advanced technology, which provides, inter alia, the conquest of space: His only mistake, which, I think, he may not realized, was the Afghan war.

Others suggest that this tradition hailed from over a thousand years before Genghis Khan, when the Afghan people represented the Buddha as a riderless horse.

This represented a distinct break with Afghan history, for religious specialists had never before exercised state power.