* The Africanized bee is accidentally released in Brazil.

An Africanized bee extracts nectar from a flower as pollen grains stick to its body in Tanzania

Africanized honey bees, known colloquially as " killer bees ," are some hybrid varieties of the Western honey bee species, ( Apis mellifera ), produced originally by cross-breeding of the African honey bee A. m. scutellata, with various European honey bees such as the Italian bee A. m. ligustica and the Iberian bee A. m. iberiensis.

Small swarms of Africanized bees are capable of taking over European honey bee hives by invading the hive and establishing their own queen after killing the European queen.

An Africanized bee extracts nectar from a flower as pollen grains stick to its body in Tanzania

Several researchers and beekeepers describe a general trait of the African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata, classified by Lepeletier, 1836-( African honey bee ) Central and West Africa, which is absconding, where the Africanized honeybee colonies abscond the hive in times when food-stores are low, unlike the European colonies which tend to die in the hive.

The Africanized honey bee varieties produced a reversion of behaviour similar to non-domesticated species.

The sting of the Africanized Honey Bee is no more potent than another variety of honey bee, and they have a similar appearance.

An Africanized bee colony can remain agitated longer and may attack up to a quarter of a mile away from the hive.

* Africanized bee, a hybrid of the African honey bee with various European honey bees

# REDIRECT Africanized bee

# REDIRECT Africanized bee

For example, feral honey bee populations in the US have dropped about 90 % in the past 50 years, except for the Southwest where they have been replaced by Africanized bees.

The Buckfast bee of today also contains heritage from two African rare and docile African stocks A. m. sahariensis and the A. m. monticola, but not the " Africanized " A. m.

A likely cause of " hot " hives in subsequent generations is the introduction of Africanized bee genetics being introduced either to the mother queen or to the daughter queen via local Africanized drones.

# REDIRECT Africanized bee

The decline of the species is attributed to hunting and trapping of the birds, destruction of its habitat, and the introduction of the Africanized bee, which competes for nesting sites and kills breeding individuals at their nests.

* Africanized bee-a hybrid bee with characteristics unsuitable for beekeeping

These bees are endangered due to massive deforestation, altered agricultural practices ( especially insecticides ), and changing beekeeping practices with the arrival of the Africanized honey bee, which produces much greater honey crops.

Moe is often engaged in shady or illegal activities at his tavern, including smuggling pandas and orcas, imprisoning Hans Moleman under the floor of the bar, hosting Russian roulette games, operating an unlicensed casino, serving liquor without a license ( the liquor license he had was from 1973, signed by Moe himself, and only valid in Rhode Island ), running a speakeasy during Springfield's brief flirtation with prohibition, performing unlicensed surgery, and housing Africanized bees.

What makes Africanized honey bees more dangerous is that they are more easily provoked, quick to swarm, attack in greater numbers, and pursue their victims for greater distances.

Colonies of honey bees often escape into the wild from managed apiaries when they swarm ; their behavior, however, is no different from their behavior " in captivity ", until and unless they breed with other feral honey bees of a different genetic stock, which may lead them to become more docile or more aggressive ( see Africanized bees ).

The number of active Melipona beekeepers is rapidly declining in favor of the more economical, non-indigenous Africanized Apis mellifera.

The Africanized honey bees in the Western Hemisphere are of mixed descent from 26 Tanganyikan queen bees of A. m. scutellata, accidentally released by a replacement bee-keeper in 1957 near Rio Claro, São Paulo, in the southeast of Brazil, from hives operated by biologist Warwick E. Kerr, who had interbred honey bees from Europe and southern Africa.

Map showing the spread of Africanized honey bees in the United States from 1990 to 2003

As of 2002, the Africanized honeybees had spread from Brazil south to northern Argentina and north to Central America, Trinidad ( West Indies ), Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Florida, and southern California.

Molecular diagnostics using the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) cytochrome b gene can differentiate A. m. scutellata from other A. mellifera lineages, though mtDNA only allows one to detect an Africanized colony that has an Africanized queen, and not colonies where a European queen has mated with Africanized drones.

The lexicon covers various African languages, as well as words from many other sources " so Africanized that they do not appear foreign ", although no specific etymologies are indicated by the author.

Africanized bees ( known colloquially as " killer bees ") are hybrids between European stock and one of the African subspecies A. m. scutellata ; they are often more aggressive than and do not create as much of a surplus as European bees, but are more resistant to disease and are better foragers.

Novel hybrid strains of domestic and re-domesticated Africanized bees combine high resilience to tropical conditions and good yields.

However, discoveries of the Africanized bees in southern Louisiana indicate this subspecies has penetrated this barrier, In October 2010, a 73-year-old man was killed by a swarm of Africanized honey bees while clearing brush on his south Georgia property, as determined by Georgia's Department of Agriculture.

Thus Africanized bees are expected to be a hazard mostly in the Southern States of the United States, reaching as far north as the Chesapeake Bay in the east.

Africanized bees have slightly shorter wings, which can be reliably recognized only by performing a statistical analysis on micro-measurements of a substantial sample.

Population genetics analysis of Africanized honey bees in the United States, using a materially inherited genetic marker, found 12 distinct mitotypes, and the amount of genetic variation observed supports the idea that there have been multiple introductions of AHB into the United States.

Brown moved on a continuum of blues and gospel-based forms and styles to a profoundly " Africanized " approach to music making.

As the Africanized honeybee migrates further north, colonies are interbreeding with European honeybees.

This Africanized milonga-tango, as well as the habanera and mazurka, was frowned upon, and found wholly unacceptable by some sections of Argentine high society.

There has already been a decline in populations of native flora in areas where stingless bees have been displaced by Africanized honey bees.

The island of Fernando Pó had its name Africanized after him to Masie Ngueme Biyogo Island ; upon his overthrow in 1979, its name was again changed to Bioko.

Furthermore, there are flora that the Africanized honey bees do not visit, such as those in the tomato family, and several forest trees and shrubs, which rely on the native stingless bees for pollination.

Migrating bee populations formed the original colonies of bee in western Europe, landing to eventually populate the continent from Africa across the Straits of Gibraltar.

According to the scientists who analysed its genetic code, the western honey bee originated in Africa and spread to Eurasia in two ancient migrations.

In areas of suitable temperate climate, the survival traits of African queens and colonies outperform western honey bee colonies.

Several species of Apis live in hives, but only the western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) and the eastern honey bee ( Apis cerana ) are domesticated by humans.

The alfalfa leafcutter bee is an important pollinator for alfalfa seed in western United States and Canada.

For example, the western honey bee is invasive in the United States, the wild population consisting entirely of feral bees escaped from European bee colonies imported to fertilize non-native, old-world crops.

# REDIRECT western honey bee

The Carniolan honey bee ( Apis mellifera carnica Pollman ) is a subspecies of the western honey bee.

Apis mellifera ligustica is the Italian bee which is a sub-species of the western honey bee ( Apis mellifera ).

( 2007 ) Widespread dispersal of the microsporidium Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera.

In 12 weeks, the number of mites in a western honey bee hive can multiply by ( roughly ) 12.

Salvia apiana ( White sage, bee sage, or sacred sage ) is an evergreen perennial shrub that is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, found mainly in the coastal sage scrub habitat of Southern California and Baja California, on the western edges of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts.

It has an of only 0. 12 mg / kg, compared to western honey bee venom, at 2. 8 mg / kg, and comparable to cobra venom ( there are, in fact, only about a dozen recorded LD50 values for snakes which are lower than 0. 12, mostly seasnakes ).

* Varroa destructor is a virulent parasite that infests its natural host, Apis cerana ( Asian honey bees ), on mainland Asia and also Apis mellifera ( western honey bee ) worldwide.

* The western honey bee is divided into several honey bee races