" Malines, Lierre, Ghent, Alost, Damme, Oudenaarde, Bruges, and on 6 June Antwerp, all subsequently fell to Marlborough ’ s victorious army and, like Brussels, proclaimed the Austrian candidate for the Spanish throne, the Archduke Charles, as their sovereign.

Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Austria, which had emerged as the Austrian Empire became part of the German Confederation till the Austro-Prussian war of 1866, and then the Austro-Hungarian Empire which collapsed at the end of World War I. Austria was briefly independent ( First Republic ) till annexation by the German Third Reich, partitioned after the Second World War and then became the independent sovereign state ( Second Republic ) that has existed to the present day.

She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma.

He married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, by whom he had his two children: Maria Theresa, born 1717, the last Habsburg sovereign, and Maria Anna, born 1718, Governess of the Austrian Netherlands.

While negotiations to form a new government on the basis of the October 1999 elections were ongoing, Klima " urged fellow EU leaders to help influence the coalition bargaining ," an unprecedented call for foreign interference in the political affairs of the sovereign Austrian state whose acting chancellor he still was at the time of this statement.

During the War of the Quadruple Alliance, Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy and sovereign of Piedmont, had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange.

The Austrian Empire included Hungary as a constituent state, no longer sovereign.

* Archduke, ruler of an archduchy ; was generally only a sovereign rank when used by the rulers of Austria ; it was also used by the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire for members of the imperial family ; it was also used for those ruling some Habsburg territories such as those that became the modern BeNeLux ( Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg ) nations

The Austrian State Treaty ( German: ) or Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state.

Salzburg finally became Austrian in 1816 after Napoleonic wars ( before it was ruled by prince-archbishops of Salzburg as a sovereign territory ).

The Principality of Liechtenstein is the sole remaining polity of the Holy Roman Empire, having been created out of the counties of Vaduz and Schellenberg in 1719 as a sovereign fief for the wealthy Austrian House of Liechtenstein.

In the brief and uneventful War of the Bavarian Succession, Lacy and Laudon were the chief Austrian commanders against the King of Prussia, and when Joseph II at Maria Theresa's death, became the sovereign of the Austrian dominions as well as emperor, Lacy remained his most trusted friend.

After World War II, when Austria re-emerged on the political landscape as a sovereign nation, politics again fell under the domination of the Social Democrats and the conservatives, who now formed a party called the Austrian People's Party ( ÖVP ).

On 22 January 1878 the ruler of Sulu, His Majesty Sultan Jamalul A ' Lam, signed a treaty, under what he leased the territory of North Borneo to Gustavus von Overbeck, an Austrian who was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire's consul-general in Hong Kong and to his British partner Alfred Dent, residing in London, as representatives of the British North Borneo Company, without giving away his sovereign rights, and for as long as they desire to use these coastlines.

Critics have also argued that, as the Austrian business cycle theory points to the actions of fractional-reserve banks and central banks to explain the business cycles, it fails to explain the severity of business cycles before the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

He was also influenced in respect to aesthetics by the work of the Blaue Reiter group in Munich as well as the work of Austrian Expressionist Oskar Kokoschka.

Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifröst either means " the swaying road to heaven " ( also citing bifa ) or, if Bilröst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ), " the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow " ( possibly connected to bil, perhaps meaning " moment, weak point ").

Doppler died on 17 March 1853 at age 49 from a pulmonary disease in Venice ( also at that time part of the Austrian Empire ).

The colors and pattern were influenced by the Austrian dragoons of the period, as the Brazilian Empress Consort was also an Austrian Archduchess.

Dollfuss also exchanged ' Secret Letters ' with Benito Mussolini about ways to guarantee Austrian independence.

Mussolini also mobilized a part of the Italian army on the Austrian border and threatened Hitler with war in the event of a German invasion of Austria to thwart the putsch.

He replaced the ambassador to Vienna with Franz von Papen and prevented the conspirators entering Germany, also expelling them from the Austrian Nazi Party.

As with category C, every Austrian citizen at the age of 18 or over can buy and own this type of weapon without further registration or permission, since no background checks are performed also EU / EEA citizens can buy them without problems.

The House of Habsburg (; ), also Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and Spanish Empire and several other countries.

Despite this naval defeat, it was on the ground that this war would be won, Napoleon inflicted the Austrian and Russian Empires one of their greatest defeats at Austerlitz ( also known as the " Battle of the Three Emperors " on 2 December 1805 ), destroying the Third Coalition.

Lomography also represents the commercial trademark of Lomographische AG, an Austrian company that produces cameras and other tools that cater to the needs of this photographic movement.

The Austrian pioneer in psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, also held a favorable position towards Haeckel's doctrine.

In Austria-Hungary Southern Slavs were distributed among several entities: Slovenes in the Austrian part ( Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, Gorizia and Gradisca, Trieste, Istria ( also Croats )), Croats and Serbs in the Hungarian part within the autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia and in the Austrian part within the autonomous Kingdom of Dalmatia, and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, under direct control from Vienna.

Waldorf education ( also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education ) is a humanistic approach to pedagogy based upon the educational philosophy of the Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner, the founder of anthroposophy.

The logo has already been used for the EU information campaign which will also be continued during the Austrian EU Presidency.

Austrian opposition to the nuclear power plant in Slovenia has also ceased to be an issue since Slovenia's entry to the European Union.

Polish Deputies were members of the Austrian State Council ( from 1867 ), and from 1906 were also elected to the Russian Imperial State Duma ( lower chamber ) and to the State Council ( upper chamber ).

Several foreign airlines also serve Rinas Airport: Alitalia ( from Rome and Milan ), British Airways ( from London Gatwick Airport ), Austrian Airlines ( from Vienna ), Adria Airways ( Ljubljana ), Jat Airways ( Belgrade ), Lufthansa ( Munich ), Malev ( Budapest ), Olympic Air ( Athens ), Hemus Air ( Sofia ) and Turkish Airlines ( Istanbul ).

Austrian submarines of World War I ( that is, before the country lost its coastline after the war ) were also known as U-boats.

In Austrian territories, pan-Germanic nationalist groups, like those of Georg Ritter von Schönerer, promoted the conversion to Old Catholicism or Lutheranism of those Catholics loyal to the Holy See.

But it was quickly realized by the resort's restless Austrian ski instructors that this fantastic mountain needed to be opened to the skiing public ( and promoted ) as soon as possible.

In the war that followed, Charles was promoted to General in the Austrian army, taking command of the 20th Corps for an offensive in Tyrol.

Smith was promoted to captain while fighting for the Austrian Habsburgs in Hungary, in the campaign of Michael the Brave in 1600 and 1601.

It is promoted by the Austrian School of economics in interpreting economic developments.

Gates served with the 20th Foot in Germany during the War of the Austrian Succession, and later was promoted to captain in the 45th Foot in 1750.

Since the 19th century Valldemossa has been promoted internationally as a beautiful spot thanks to the affection of a distinguished traveller and cultural writer, the Austrian Archduke Ludwig Salvator.

On the other hand, later members of the Ghica family displayed an Aromanian national consciousness ( the Austrian branches being heteroidentified as of Aromanian origin ) or promoted Aromanian culture-e. g., Grigore III Ghica's plans for an Aromanian school network in the Ottoman ruled areas of the Balkans.

Wei-kuo commanded a Panzer unit during the 1938 Austrian Anschluss as a sergeant officer-candidate, leading a tank into that country ; subsequently, he was promoted to Lieutenant of a Panzer unit awaiting to be sent into Poland.

Having chosen a military career, Poniatowski joined the Austrian imperial army where he was commissioned Lieutenant in 1780, in 1786 / 1788 promoted to Colonel and when Austria declared war against Ottoman Empire in 1788, he became an Aide-de-camp to Emperor Joseph II.

Originally, the movement promoted the annexation to Italy of territories inhabited by an Italian indigenous population but retained by the Austrian Empire after Third Italian War of Independence in 1866 ( hence ' unredeemed ' Italy ).

He promoted its use as a blasting explosive and sold manufacturing rights to the Austrian Empire.

Masséna sent the newly promoted General of Division Michel Ney and part of the Army of the Danube to Winterthur on 27 May 1799 to stop the Austrian advance from eastern Switzerland.

Surtees victory promoted him to second place in the championship, vaulting past Austrian driver Jochen Rindt of the Cooper team.

Restored to the Austrian Empire by the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the local economy was decisively promoted, when it gained access to the Austrian Southern Railway network in 1871.

In 1937, Friedell's works were banned by the National Socialist regime as they did not conform to the theory of history promoted by the NSDAP, and all German and Austrian publishers refused to publish his works.

He was later promoted to Second Ensign and was stationed in Acadia during King George's War ( as the North American theater of the War of the Austrian Succession is sometimes called ).

On 27 May 1859, he was promoted to the rank of Feldzeugmeister, second in command of the entire Austrian Army.

He served as an officer in Agram ( today Zagreb, Croatia ) and was promoted to major in 1904, in which year he became a member of the Austrian chief of staff.

In 1841, at the age of twenty he entered the Austrian army and in August 1842 was promoted to Second Lieutenant in the Prince Regent's 7th Reuss Regiment of the Hungarian Hussars.

He spent most of his time in the Imperial Austrian Army posted to northern Italy and in April 1847 was promoted to 1st Lieutenant.

He was promoted to be rear-admiral on 1 December 1855, and appointed to the command of a squadron in the Adriatic in 1859, when he absolutely sealed the Austrian ports with a close blockade.

He left France, according to the gossip of the time, because of a duel ; served under the Elector Palatine ; fought for Hungary against the Turks, and on the outbreak of the war of the Austrian Succession ( 1740 ) joined the army of the elector of Bavaria ( who later became emperor under the name of Charles VII ), displaying such bravery that he was promoted to the grade of lieutenant field-marshal.