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The Bastarnae or Basternae () were an ancient Germanic tribe, who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the eastern Carpathian mountains and the Dnieper river ( corresponding to the modern Republic of Moldova and western part of southern Ukraine ).
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Bastarnae and were
Although possibly Celtic-speaking in 179 BC, the Bastarnae probably were Germanic in language and culture during the 1st century AD, but appear to have become assimilated by their neighbouring Sarmatians by the 3rd century.
In the mid 3rd century, the Bastarnae were part of a Gothic-led grand coalition of lower Danube tribes which inflicted immense damage on the Balkan provinces of the Roman empire in a series of massive invasions.
Large numbers of Bastarnae were resettled within the empire in the late 3rd century.
AD 10, may imply that the Bastarnae were of Celtic origin.
It is possible that the Bastarnae were originally a mixed Celto-Germanic group.
In any case, other Greco-Roman writers of the 1st century AD are unanimous that the Bastarnae were, in their own time, Germanic in language and culture.
The consensus among modern scholars is that the Bastarnae were, in the 2nd century, divided into two main groups.
It is uncertain whether the Bastarnae were sedentary or nomadic ( or semi-nomadic ).
Although he was aware that the Bastarnae were hardly likely to achieve the same success as Hannibal some 40 years earlier, and would most likely end up cut to pieces by the Romans, Philip hoped that the Romans would be distracted long enough to allow him to reoccupy his former possessions in Greece.
The Bastarnae host was still en route through Thrace, where it became embroiled in hostilities with the locals, who were unable ( or unwilling ) to provide them with sufficient food at affordable prices as they marched through.
A large force of Bastarnae chased them up the mountain, but were driven back and scattered by a massive hailstorm.
Having lost their entire baggage and supplies, the Bastarnae were obliged to withdraw from Dardania and to return home.
The Bastarnae were also a target because they had recently subjugated the Triballi, whose territory lay on the southern bank of the Danube between the tributary rivers Utus ( Vit ) and Ciabrus ( Tsibritsa ), with their chief town at Oescus ( Gigen, Bulgaria ).
The Bastarnae provided the casus belli by crossing the Haemus and attacking the Dentheletae, a Thracian tribe who were Roman allies.
The Bastarnae tried to retreat into the forest but were hampered by the wagon-train carrying their women and children, as these could not move through the trees.
Trapped into fighting to save their families, the Bastarnae were routed.
The Bastarnae were perhaps involved in the Dacian Wars of Domitian ( 86-88 ) and Trajan ( 101-102 and 105-106 ), since these took place in the lower Danube region and it is known that both sides were supported by neighbouring indigenous tribes.
Thus, in 250-1, the Bastarnae were probably involved in the Gothic and Sarmatian invasions which culminated in the Roman defeat at the Battle of Abrittus and the slaying of the emperor Decius ( 251 ).
" One such were the Bastarnae, according to the Gallic nobleman Sidonius Apollinaris.
Over time, some peripheral areas of the Geto-Dacians ' territories were affected by the presence of other people, such as the Celts in the west, the Illyrians in the south-west, the Greeks and Scythians in the east and the Bastarnae in the north-east.
The Scirii and Bastarnae settled in the vicinity and were followed ca.
Meanwhile the Dardanian envoys came with reports as to the number of the Bastarnae, the size of their men, and their courage in the field. They gave information also of the treacherous practices of Perseus and the Gauls, and said that they were more afraid of him than of the Bastarnae, and therefore begged the help of the Romans.
Bastarnae and ancient
Neither of the main ancient sources for this period, Ammianus Marcellinus and Zosimus, mention the Bastarnae in their accounts of the 4th century, possibly implying the loss of their separate identity, presumably subsumed into the neighbouring Sarmatians or Goths.
Numerous non-Dacian peoples, both sedentary and nomadic, the Scytho-Sarmatian Roxolani and Agathyrsi, Germanic / Celtic Bastarnae and Celtic Anartes, are attested to in the ancient sources and in the archaeological record as inhabiting this region.
In addition to Scytho-Sarmatian tribes ( Roxolani, Agathyrsi ), the ancient sources attest Germanic tribes ( Bastarnae ), Celts ( Bastarnae, Taurisci, Anartes ), Thracians ( the Biessi and Thraces identified by Ptolemy between the Danube and Dniester ), and Dacians ( Tyragetae ).
Bastarnae and Germanic
AD 5-20, says the Bastarnae are " of Germanic stock ", although he includes the non-Germanic Roxolani, a Sarmatian tribe, among the sub-tribes of the Bastarnae ( probably in error ).
On the other hand, the Bastarnae maintained a separate name-identity into the late 3rd century AD, possibly implying retention of their Germanic cultural heritage, distinctive in the lower Danube, until the arrival of the Goths.
It is quite possible that other people of Germanic and Sarmatian origin ( like Bastarnae, Taifals and Hasdingian Vandals ), perhaps Roman deserters as well, had joined the invaders.
Attempts that are based on Germanic yielded clean-or pure-bloods as opposed to the neighbouring tribe of Bastarnae mixed-bloods ( cf.
The unoccupied sections of Decebal's kingdom are likely to have been inhabited predominantly by ethnic Dacians, although according to Ptolemy, the northernmost part of the kingdom ( northern Carpathians / Bukovina ) was shared by non-Dacian tribes: the Anartes and the Taurisci, who were probably Celtic, and the Germanic Bastarnae are also attested in this region.
Bastarnae and tribe
Such numbers may have amounted to a substantial proportion, if not all, of the Peucini Bastarnae: Victor claims that the Carpi resettled in Pannonia by Diocletian at the same time, together with those previously transferred by Aurelian, amounted to the entire Carpi tribe.
Starting with the 2nd millennium BC, it was inhabited by the Dacian tribes, such as Costoboci and Carpians, and for a period, cohabitated by the Celto-Germanic tribe of Bastarnae.
A portion of the powerful Bastarnae tribe ( probably of mixed Germanic-Celtic blood ) settled on the island, apparently in the 2nd century BC, and adopted from their abode an alternative tribal name, " Peucini ", used by some classical authors to cover sections of the Bastarnae tribe which had never set foot on the island.
The Romans chased an army of the Bastarnae and marched towards the Moesi, successfully overtaking their stronghold and subduing the majority of the tribe.
Bastarnae and who
AD 100 ), states: " The Peucini, however, who are sometimes called Bastarnae, are like Germans in their language, way of life and types of dwelling and live in similar squalor and indolence ... mixed marriages are giving them to some extent the vile appearance of the Sarmatians.
Bastarnae and between
Strabo describes the Bastarnae territory vaguely as " between the Ister ( river Danube ) and the Borysthenes ( river Dnieper )".
By AD 139, the geographer Ptolemy writes that the " Huni " ( Χοῦνοι or Χουνοἰ ) are between the Bastarnae and the Roxolani in the Pontic area under the rule of Suni.
Bastarnae and 200
Starting in about AD 200, the Chernyakhov culture became established in the W. Ukraine / Moldova region inhabited by the Bastarnae.
They migrated southwards apparently around 200 BC ( some secondary works give a more precise date of 230 BC ), along with the Bastarnae.
Bastarnae and BC
The Peucini branch of the Bastarnae first came into conflict with the Romans in the 1st century BC, when they resisted, ultimately unsuccessfully, Roman expansion into Moesia, the region on the southern bank of the Danube.
The Bastarnae first appear in the historical record in 179 BC, when they crossed the Danube in massive force ( probably ca.
The Bastarnae first came into direct conflict with Rome as a result of expansion into the lower Danube region by the proconsuls ( governors ) of Macedonia in the period 75-72 BC.
The presence of Roman forces in the Danube delta was seen as a major threat by all the neighbouring transdanubian peoples: the Peucini Bastarnae, the Sarmatians and, most importantly, by Burebista ( ruled 82-44 BC ), king of the Getae.
The partly Celtic Bastarnae are also attested in this region in literature and the archaeological record during the 1st century BC ; they probably remained in the 1st century AD, according to Batty.
In 201 Bato of Dardania along with Pleuratus the Illyrian and Amynander king of Athamania, cooperated with Roman consul Sulpicius in his expedition against Philip V. Being always under the menace of Dardanian attacks on Macedonia, around 183 BC Philip V made an alliance with Bastarnae and invited them to settle in Polog, the region of Dardania closest to Macedonia.
In 177 BC, Dardanians sent a report to Roman Senate, accusing Perseus of Macedon for being again in alliance with Bastarnae against Dardanians, but the Roman investigating commission failed to find support for such accusations.
In 29 BC, Crassus defeated the Bastarnae with the help of the Getic prince Rholes.
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