* Bolo, a slang term for Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War

Left SRs and Bolsheviks referred to the mainstream SR party as the " Right SR party " whereas mainstream SRs referred to the party as just " SR " and reserved the term " Right SR " for the rightwing faction of the party which was led by Breshkovsky and Avksentev.

Lenin ( Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ), the first leader of the Bolsheviks, coined the term vanguard party, and argued that such a party was necessary in order to provide the practical and political leadership that would impel the proletariat ( urban workers and peasants ) to achieve a communist revolution.

His followers, the Smenovekhovtsi ( named after a series of articles he published in 1921 ) Smena vekh ( Russian: volte-face ), came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowing the term from Niekisch.

Although this term is mostly associated with Stalinism, the first major purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ranks was performed by Bolsheviks as early as 1921.

" White ", apart from its racial meaning, is also a term denoting opponents of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War ( see White movement for this usage ) and " Red ", apart from its racial meaning, means Communists or Bolsheviks while " Green " often means Ecologists.

In 1939 the Bolsheviks imposed the Cyrillic script on most of the non-Russian languages, including the languages of Central Asia that in the late 1920s had been given Latin alphabets to replace Arabic ones.

Then in January 1935 came the convening of Zunyi Conference, and with the defection of 28 Bolsheviks members Zhang Wentian, Wang Jiaxiang and Yang Shangkun to Mao's camp, the three-man team's command over military was discharged, Mao, Wang and Zhou Enlai composed a new three-man team to replace them ; and Bo Gu's title of General Secretary was replaced by his former associate Zhang, but still a member of politburo.

After the Bolsheviks came to power, Trotsky became the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and published the secret treaties previously signed by the Triple Entente that detailed plans for post-war reallocation of colonies and redrawing state borders.

* November 23 – The Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes-Picot Agreement in Izvestia and Pravda ; it is subsequently printed in the Manchester Guardian on November 26.

; 1917 November 23: Bolsheviks release the full text of the previously secret Sykes-Picot Agreement in Izvestia and Pravda ; it is subsequently printed in the Manchester Guardian on November 26.

The Allies sent troops to Russia to prevent the Germans or the Bolsheviks taking over allied-provided weapons, munitions and other supplies, previously shipped as aid to the pre-revolutionary government.

The garrison had previously been a centre of major support for the Bolsheviks, and throughout the Civil War of 1917 – 1921, the navy of Kronstadt had been at the vanguard of the main Bolshevik attacks.

Mirza had previously considered seeking support from Bolsheviks when a year before he traveled on foot to Lankaran to meet with them but by the time he arrived in that city the Red forces had been forced to evacuate.

" Bolo " was used as derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War.

The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, who used their influence in the Petrograd Soviet to organize the armed forces.

In particular, the Bolsheviks condemned the use of the word " officer " and used the word " commander " instead.

During both the Tsarist and the Bolsheviks ' regimes the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai was used as a place of exile of political enemies of current government.

The rifle was widely used by Bolsheviks, Black Guards and their enemies, the White Russians ( counter-revolutionary forces ).

Since the October Revolution, Lenin had used repression against perceived enemies of the Bolsheviks as a systematic method of instilling fear and facilitating social control.

Bolsheviks thought religion threatened communist ideology, so they used their propaganda organs to wage a war on religion.

Though these weapons were not needed to fight off Kornilov's advancing troops in August, they were kept by the Bolsheviks and used in their own successful armed insurrection of October 1917.

The Bolsheviks condemned the aggressive foreign policy of Imperial Russia, promised never to interfere in Persia's internal affairs, but reserved the right to occupy it temporarily in the event another power used Persia for an attack on Soviet Russia.

Marx and Engels, in setting out the strategy for future revolutions in The Communist Manifesto, included the provision that the property of émigrés should be confiscated and used to finance the revolution — a recommendation followed by the Bolsheviks seventy years later.

The Bolsheviks, in turn, accused the Makhnovists of imposing a formal government over the area they controlled, and also said that Makhnovists used forced conscription, committed summary executions, and had two military and counter-intelligence forces: the Kontrrazvedka, with punitive functions transferred in 1920 to the

Ultimately, those supposedly involved in this and other conspiracies numbered in the tens of thousands with various Old Bolsheviks and senior party members blamed with conspiracy and sabotage which were used to explain industrial accidents, production shortfalls and other failures of Stalin's regime.

When Bolsheviks were arrested and the move was overturned, he was probably responsible for ordering the arrest of Romania's representative to Petrograd, Constantin I. Diamandy, and his entire staff ( all of whom were used as hostages, pending the release of prisoners taken in Iaşi ).

) was used by the Bolsheviks to oppose the Provisional Government led by Kerensky.

In the early years of Soviet power in Russia, the Bolsheviks used " Comrade " when addressing or referring to people assumed sympathetic to the revolution and to the Soviet state, such as members of the Communist party ( and originally of other pro-revolution leftist formations such as the Left SR ) and people from the " working masses ".

And then it became used by the Bolsheviks ( Soviets ) for any kind of art that was for its own sake.

Indeed much of the materiel was either destroyed or ended up being used by the Bolsheviks or the Germans.

The Bolsheviks used their power in the Petrograd Soviet to set up a second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on October 20 ( agreed September 26 ), despite only eight of 169 soldiers ' or workers ' soviets expressing support.

He was the first to employ a comprehensive strategy for the subjugation of the Caucasus highlands, and his brutal methods would be used, in one form or another, by tsarists, Bolsheviks, and Russian generals into the twenty-first century.

During the Allied intervention, the presence of foreign troops was effectively used as propaganda by the Bolsheviks to argue that their enemies were tools of Western capitalists.

In the Imperial period, the tower used to be topped with a double-headed eagle, which the Bolsheviks replaced with a red star.

the second, the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks ( who later called themselves Communists ) in November of the same year.

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists (; derived from bol ' shinstvo, " majority ") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

The Bolsheviks were the majority faction in a crucial vote, hence their name.

The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which would later in 1922 become the chief constituent of the Soviet Union.

The Bolsheviks, founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov, were by 1905 a mass organization consisting primarily of workers under a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia.

Soon, however, the terminology changed to " Bolsheviks " and " Mensheviks ", from the Russian " bolshinstvo " ( majority ) and " menshinstvo " ( minority ), based on the fact that Lenin believed that most of the party stood behind him.

In 1907, 22 % of Bolsheviks were under 20, 37 % were 20-24 and 16 % were 25-29.

22 % of Bolsheviks were gentry ( 1. 7 % of the total population ), 38 % were uprooted peasants, compared with 19 % and 26 % for the Mensheviks.

In 1907 78. 3 % of the Bolsheviks were Russian and 10 % were Jewish ( 34 and 20 % for the Mensheviks ).

The founder of Russian Marxism, Georgy Plekhanov, who was at first allied with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks, parted ways with them by 1904.

Leon Trotsky at first supported the Mensheviks, but left them in September 1904 over their insistence on an alliance with Russian liberals and their opposition to a reconciliation with Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

He remained a self-described " non-factional social democrat " until August 1917 when he joined Lenin and the Bolsheviks as their positions assembled and he came to believe that Lenin was right on the issue of the party.

The remaining member, with the power of appointing a new one, was won over by the Bolsheviks.

The lines between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks hardened in April 1905 when the Bolsheviks held a Bolsheviks-only meeting in London, which they called the Third Party Congress.

The Bolsheviks played a relatively minor role in the 1905 Revolution, and were a minority in the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers ' Deputies led by Trotsky.

The less significant Moscow Soviet, however, was dominated by the Bolsheviks.

As the Russian Revolution of 1905 progressed, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and smaller non-Russian social democratic parties operating within the Russian Empire attempted to reunify at the Fourth ( Unification ) Congress of the RSDLP held at Folkets hus, Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, April 1906.

When the Mensheviks struck an alliance with the Jewish Bund, the Bolsheviks found themselves in a minority.

However, all factions retained their respective factional structure and the Bolsheviks formed the Bolshevik Center, the de-facto governing body of the Bolshevik faction within the RSDLP.

At the Fifth Congress held in London in May 1907, the Bolsheviks were in the majority, but the two factions continued functioning mostly independently of each other.

With the defeat of the revolution in mid-1907 and the adoption of a new, highly restrictive election law, the Bolsheviks began debating whether to boycott the new parliament known as the Third Duma.

With both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks weakened by splits within their ranks and by Tsarist repression, they were tempted to try to re-unite the party.