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Bronze and Age
The Late Bronze Age ( from 1700 to 1200 BCE ) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years.
In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.
) Adobe brickmaking was used in Spain starting by the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, from the eighth century B. C.
It contained the winter solstice in the Early Bronze Age.
The subsequent Bronze Age civilizations of Greece and the Aegean Sea have given rise to the general term Aegean civilization.
During the Late Bronze Age circa 2000 BC, they created an empire, the Hittite New Kingdom, which reached its height in the 14th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor.
Beginning with the Bronze Age Collapse at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the west coast of Anatolia was settled by Ionian Greeks, usurping the related but earlier Mycenaean Greeks.
The earliest anchors were probably rocks, and many rock anchors have been found dating from at least the Bronze Age.
Agate is one of the most common materials used in the art of hardstone carving, and has been recovered at a number of ancient sites, indicating its widespread use in the ancient world ; for example, archaeological recovery at the Knossos site on Crete illustrates its role in Bronze Age Minoan culture.
In 396, he wiped out the last remnants of the Mysteries at Eleusis in Attica, ending a tradition of esoteric religious ceremonies that had lasted since the Bronze Age.
Though there was no Bronze Age city on the site, archaeology has detected human activity that is evident from the earliest Iron Age, circa 1100 BC.
Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.
A special burial ground for infants, a tophetAgelarakis A., “ The Amathous ( tophet ) cremations in Cyprus ”, In D. Christou on “ Human Cremations at the Western Necropolis of Amathous ” < Cremations in Bronze and Early Iron Age >, Proceedings of Int.
* The Greek Age of Bronze weapons and warfare
In Scandinavia the amber road probably gave rise to the thriving Nordic Bronze Age culture, bringing influences from the Mediterranean Sea to the northernmost countries of Europe.
There is little doubt that a Mycenaean megaron stood upon the hill during the late Bronze Age.
Near the location of the present train station, the ruins of a settlement from the Bronze Age ( about 1000 BC ) have been excavated.
Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea.
Crete is associated with the Minoan civilization from the Early Bronze Age.
A map of Cyprus in the later Bronze Age ( such as is given by J. L. Myres and M. O. Richter in Catalogue of the Cyprus Museum ) shows more than 25 settlements in and about the Mesaorea district alone, of which one, that at Enkomi, near the site of Salamis, has yielded the richest Aegean treasure in precious metal found outside Mycenae.
Dating to the Greek Bronze Age ( 13th century BC ), it is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use.
It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal.
Though bronze is generally harder than wrought iron, with Vickers hardness of 60 – 258 vs. 30 – 80, the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age ; this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process.

Bronze and China
Bronze coin of Constantius II ( 337 – 361 ), found in Karghalik, modern China.
Most ancient cultures have had conceptions of a flat Earth, including Greece until the classical period, the Bronze Age and Iron Age civilizations of the Near East until the Hellenistic period, India until the Gupta period ( early centuries AD ) and China until the 17th century.
Sword production in China is attested from the Bronze Age Shang Dynasty.
* c. 1700 BC: Bronze Age starts in China.
* c. 1700 BC: Bronze Age starts in China.
Several important trade routes from India and China ( including the Silk Road ) passed through Bactria and, as early as the Bronze Age, this had allowed the accumulation of vast amounts of wealth by the mostly nomadic population.
The symbol of the phoenix could be found on Vietnamese Bronze Drums, on traditional customs of Au Viet tribes in North Vietnam and South China ( Yunnan, Guangxi ).
* c. 2000 BC: Bronze Age began in north Ancient China.
* Siwa culture, a Bronze Age nomadic culture in the Gansu Province, China
The I Ching ( Book of Changes ) is an ancient text in China, dating back to the Shang Dynasty ( Bronze Age 1700BC-1050BC ), and utilizes a system of Yin and Yang which it places into Hexagrams for the purposes of divination.
Although the archaeological record shows clearly that multiple cultures and kingdoms existed in the area that was to become China, Chinese archaeologists continue to date all Bronze Age sites to the Xia, Shang or Zhou, implying that the territory controlled today belonged to the ancestors of the current Chinese state.
Bronze coin of Kanishka, found in Khotan, modern China.
By the 7th century BC, a Bronze Age material culture, with influences from northeastern China as well as Siberia and Scythian bronze styles, flourishes on the peninsula.
Sources of Shang History: The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China.
Oracle bone script () refers to incised ( or, rarely, brush-written ) ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones, which were animal bones or turtle shells used in divination in Bronze Age China.
Sources of Shang History: The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China.
On the 29th of June 2009 Manganese Bronze Holdings PLC advised that Geely Automobile Holdings Limited, with whom they have a joint venture to produce Taxis in China, has a notifiable interest in 6, 085, 000 of the Company ’ s ordinary shares, representing 19. 971 % of the issued ordinary share capital.
In June 2007 Manganese Bronze Holdings, The London Taxi Company ’ s parent company, finalised a joint venture with Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd to produce the purpose-built taxi in Shanghai, China.
They are younger than but similar in composition to the Rock Paintings of Hua Mountain in southern China, which are attributed to the Luoyue people of what is today the lowland plains of northern Vietnam, particularly the marshy, agriculturally rich area of the Red River Delta, and particularly associated with the Bronze Age Đông Sơn culture of mainland Southeast Asia.
Remains have been found from the Mid-Neolithic Age ( about 3000 BC ), the late Neolithic Age ( about 2000 BC ), the early to late Bronze Age of coastal South China ( 1500-500 BC ), the period of the Warring States to the Han Dynasty ( 206 BC-220 AD ), the Tang Dynasty ( 618-917 AD ) and the Qing Dynasty ( 1644-1911 AD ).
* " Part Two: Bronze Age China: More about Bronze Vessels ", National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C.
* List of Bronze Age sites in China
Category: Bronze Age in China

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