Julius Caesar is credited with the invention of the Caesar cipher ca.

A simple encryption system, for example, is the Caesar cipher.

* Caesar cipher, an encryption technique

ROT13 is a Caesar cipher, a type of substitution cipher.

The cipher alphabet may be shifted or reversed ( creating the Caesar and Atbash ciphers, respectively ) or scrambled in a more complex fashion, in which case it is called a mixed alphabet or deranged alphabet.

ROT13 is an example of the Caesar cipher, developed in ancient Rome.

In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques.

The encryption step performed by a Caesar cipher is often incorporated as part of more complex schemes, such as the Vigenère cipher, and still has modern application in the ROT13 system.

As with all single alphabet substitution ciphers, the Caesar cipher is easily broken and in modern practice offers essentially no communication security.

For instance, here is a Caesar cipher using a left rotation of three places ( the shift parameter, here 3, is used as the key ):

The Caesar cipher is named for Julius Caesar, who used an alphabet with a left shift of three.

It is unknown how effective the Caesar cipher was at the time, but it is likely to have been reasonably secure, not least because most of Caesar's enemies would have been illiterate and others would have assumed that the messages were written in an unknown foreign language.

A Caesar cipher with a shift of one is used on the back of the Mezuzah to encrypt the names of God.

Kahn ( 1967 ) describes instances of lovers engaging in secret communications enciphered using the Caesar cipher in The Times.

The large statue on the first floor is believed to be the statue of Pompey at the base of which Julius Caesar was stabbed to death ( if so, the statue once stood in the senate house ).

As you approach the church on the Via D. Baullari you are passing within yards of the remains of the Roman Theatre of Pompey, near which is believed to have been the place where Julius Caesar was assassinated.

* 356, Battle of Reims — Caesar Julian is defeated by the Alemanni

In this story, Romulus Augustus marries Igraine, and King Arthur is their son, and the sword of Julius Caesar becomes the legendary Excalibur in Britain.

Using the biblical Book of Revelation as a point of departure, Caesar Antichrist presents a parallel world of extreme formal symbolism in which Christ is resurrected not as an agent of spirituality but as an agent of the Roman Empire that seeks to dominate spirituality.

This is especially true of success in the face of almost certain defeat as Caesar experienced at Pharsalus.

Caesar himself mentions few place-names ; and although the battle is called after Pharsalos, four ancient writers – the author of the Bellum Alexandrinum ( 48. 1 ), Frontinus ( Strategemata 2. 3. 22 ), Eutropius ( 20 ), and Orosius ( 6. 15. 27 ) – place it specifically at Palaepharsalos.

“ A visit to the ground has only confirmed me ,” Lucas wrote in 1921 ; “ and it was interesting to find that Mr. Apostolides, son of the large local landowner, the hospitality of whose farm at Tekés I enjoyed, was convinced too that the site was by Driskole Krini, for the very sound reason that neither the hills nor the river further east suit Caesar ’ s description .” John D. Morgan in his definitive “ Palae-pharsalus – the Battle and the Town ”, arguing for a site closer still to Krini, where he places Palaepharsalos, writes: “ My reconstruction is similar to Lucas ’ s, and in fact I borrow one of his alternatives for the line of the Pompeian retreat.

Ariovistus of the Suebi is reported to have done the same thing in his battle against Julius Caesar.

Caesar seems to be one of the first authors to distinguish the two groups, and he has a political motive for doing so ( it is an argument in favour of the Rhine border ).

For example: if five ancient historians, none of whom knew each other, all claim that Julius Caesar seized power in Rome in 49 BCE, this is strong evidence in favor of that event occurring even if each individual historian is only partially reliable.

Donn is regarded as the father of the Irish race ; a position similar to that of Dis Pater and the Gauls, as noted by Julius Caesar.

Likewise, Jesus Christ proclaims in the Gospel of Matthew that one should " Render unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's "; that is at first, literally, the payment of taxes as binding those who use the imperial currency, but more widely interpreted as the offer of obedience and submission to the proclaimed worldly king () in matters not contrary to conscience.

In this tradition Julius Caesar is sometimes described as the first Caesar / emperor ( following Suetonius ).

This is one of the most enduring titles, Caesar and its transliterations appeared in every year from the time of Caesar Augustus to Tsar Symeon II of Bulgaria's removal from the throne in 1946.

The writer who apparently introduced the name Germani into the corpus of classical literature is Julius Caesar.

Gauls are associated with Celtic languages, and the term Germani is associated with Germanic languages, but Caesar did not mention language.

* 44 BC: Julius Caesar is murdered.

Caesar is the only narrative source for this episode, as the corresponding books of Livy ’ s histories are only preserved in the Periochae, short summarising lists of contents, in which hostages given by the Romans, but no yoke, are mentioned.

The nobleman Orgetorix is presented as the instigator of a new Helvetian migration, in which the entire tribe was to leave their territory and, according to Caesar, to establish a supremacy over all of Gaul.

The nature of Caesar ’ s arrangement with the Helvetii and the other tribes is not further specified by the consul himself, but in his speech

The rediscovered Greek city of Buthrotum () ( modern-day Butrint ), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is probably more significant today than it was when Julius Caesar used it as a provisions depot for his troops during his campaigns in the 1st century BC.

He states that both the elder Gaius Julius Caesar ( Julius Caesar ) and the younger Gaius Julius Caesar ( Caligula ) were stabbed 30 times by conspirators led by a man named Cassius ( Cassius Longinus and Cassius Chaerea ).

Mark Antony, having vaguely learned of the plot the night before from a terrified Liberator named Servilius Casca, and fearing the worst, went to head Caesar off.

Thus ( Gaius ) Julius Caesar adopted his sister's grandson, Gaius Octavius, who became a Julius, eventually named Imperator Caesar Augustus, normally called in English Augustus, the founder of the Empire.

It has been speculated that the name and acronym were selected in a sly reference to the movie Little Caesar, which featured a notorious gangster named Rico.

Becoming part of the Roman Empire during the first century AD, the city was named " Caesarodunum " (" hill of Caesar ").

** Caesar is named consul for a period of five years.

* Marcus Aurelius is named Caesar.

* Caesar Augustus makes Beeroth ( modern Beirut ) a colonia, named Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus.

* Commodus, son of Marcus Aurelius and his wife Faustina, is named Caesar.

Booth's father, Junius Brutus Booth, was named for Brutus, and Booth ( as Marcus Antonius ) and his brother ( as Brutus ) had performed in a production of Julius Caesar in New York just six months before the assassination.

When Julius Caesar arrived in the area, as recorded in his De Bello Gallico, the inhabitants of Belgium and northwestern France were known as the Belgae ( after whom modern Belgium is named ), and they were considered to be the northern part of Gaul.

The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence.

* Caesar is named dictator for life.

In 12 B. C., Juba named this plant after his physician Euphorbus in response to Augustus Caesar dedicating a statue to Antonius Musa, his own personal physician.

When Tiberius was named Caesar in 574, Maurice, was appointed to succeed him as comes excubitorum.

He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only son of Julius Caesar, for whom he was named.

Three towers survive from the medieval Conciergerie: the Caesar Tower, named in honor of the Roman Emperors ; the Silver Tower, so named for its ( alleged ) use as the store for the royal treasure ; and the Bonbec (" good beak ") Tower, which obtained its name from the torture chamber that it housed, in which victims were encouraged to " sing ".